Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 7;22(18):9663. doi: 10.3390/ijms22189663.
Food microbial contamination not only poses the problems of food insecurity and economic loss, but also contributes to food waste, which is another global environmental problem. Therefore, effective packaging is a compelling obstacle for shielding food items from outside contaminants and maintaining its quality. Traditionally, food is packaged with plastic that is rarely recyclable, negatively impacting the environment. Bio-based materials have attracted widespread attention for food packaging applications since they are biodegradable, renewable, and have a low carbon footprint. They provide a great opportunity to reduce the extensive use of fossil fuels and develop food packaging materials with good properties, addressing environmental problems and contributing significantly to sustainable development. Presently, the developments in food chemistry, technology, and biotechnology have allowed us to fine-tune new methodologies useful for addressing major safety and environmental concerns regarding packaging materials. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the development and potential for application of new bio-based materials from different sources in antimicrobial food packaging, including carbohydrate (polysaccharide)-based materials, protein-based materials, lipid-based materials, antibacterial agents, and bio-based composites, which can solve the issues of both environmental impact and prevent foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. In addition, future trends are discussed, as well as the antimicrobial compounds incorporated in packaging materials such as nanoparticles (NPs), nanofillers (NFs), and bio-nanocomposites.
食品微生物污染不仅存在食品安全和经济损失的问题，还导致了食品浪费，这是另一个全球性的环境问题。因此，有效的包装是防止食品受到外部污染物影响并保持其质量的重要手段。传统上，食品用塑料包装，而塑料很少是可回收的，这对环境造成了负面影响。生物基材料因其可生物降解、可再生和低碳足迹而受到食品包装应用的广泛关注。它们为减少对化石燃料的广泛使用和开发具有良好性能的食品包装材料提供了绝佳机会，从而解决环境问题并为可持续发展做出重大贡献。目前，食品化学、技术和生物技术的发展使我们能够微调新方法，这些方法可用于解决包装材料在安全性和环境方面的主要问题。本文全面概述了不同来源的新型生物基材料在抗菌食品包装中的开发和应用潜力，包括基于碳水化合物（多糖）的材料、基于蛋白质的材料、基于脂质的材料、抗菌剂和生物基复合材料，这些材料可以解决环境影响问题，并防止食源性病原体和腐败微生物的污染。此外，还讨论了未来的发展趋势，以及包含在包装材料中的抗菌化合物，如纳米颗粒（NPs）、纳米填料（NFs）和生物纳米复合材料。
