Associated Tissue Bank of Faculty of Medicine of P. J. Safarik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, SK-040 11 Kosice, Slovakia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 8;22(18):9701. doi: 10.3390/ijms22189701.
Autologous blood products, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), are gaining increasing interest in different fields of regenerative medicine. Although growth factors, the main components of PRP, are thought to stimulate reparation processes, the exact mechanism of action and main effectors of PRP are not fully understood. Plasma contains a high amount of extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by different cells, including anucleated platelets. Platelet-derived EVs (PL-EVs) are the most abundant type of EVs in circulation. Numerous advantages of PL-EVs, including their ability to be released locally, their ease of travel through the body, their low immunogenicity and tumourigenicity, the modulation of signal transduction as well as the ease with which they can be obtained, has attracted increased attention n. This review focuses briefly on the biological characteristics and isolation methods of PL-EVs, including exosomes derived from platelets (PL-EXOs), and their involvement in the pathology of diseases. Evidence that shows how PL-EVs can be used as a novel tool in medicine, particularly in therapeutic and regenerative medicine, is also discussed in this review.
自体血液制品，如富含血小板的血浆 (PRP)，在再生医学的不同领域越来越受到关注。虽然 PRP 的主要成分生长因子被认为可以刺激修复过程，但 PRP 的作用机制和主要效应物尚未完全了解。血浆中含有大量由不同细胞产生的细胞外囊泡 (EVs)，包括无核血小板。血小板衍生的 EVs (PL-EVs) 是循环中最丰富的 EVs 类型。PL-EVs 具有许多优势，包括能够局部释放、易于在体内传播、免疫原性和致瘤性低、能够调节信号转导以及易于获取等，因此引起了越来越多的关注。本文简要介绍了 PL-EVs（包括血小板衍生的外泌体，PL-EXOs）的生物学特性和分离方法，以及它们在疾病发病机制中的作用。本文还讨论了 PL-EVs 如何可用作医学中的新型工具，特别是在治疗和再生医学中的应用。
