Food and Environmental Hygiene Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar.
Animal Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar.
Viruses. 2021 Aug 28;13(9):1713. doi: 10.3390/v13091713.
White Spot Disease (WSD) caused by the (WSSV) is the most devastating viral disease threatening the shrimp culture industry worldwide, including Madagascar. WDS was first reported on the island in 2012; however, little is known about the circulation of the virus and its genetic diversity. Our study aimed at describing the molecular diversity and the spread of WSSV in the populations of Madagascan crustaceans. Farmed and wild shrimps were collected from various locations in Madagascar from 2012 to 2016 and were tested for WSSV. Amplicons from positive specimens targeting five molecular markers (ORF75, ORF94, ORF125, VR14/15 and VR23/24) were sequenced for genotyping characterizations. Four genotypes were found in Madagascar. The type-I genotype was observed in the south-west of Madagascar in April 2012, causing a disastrous epidemic, then spread to the North-West coast. Type-II strains were detected in October 2012 causing an outbreak in another farm. In 2014 and 2015, types II and III were observed in shrimp farms. Finally, in 2016, types II and IV were found in wild species including and . Considering the economic importance of the shrimp industry for Madagascar, our study highlights the need to maintain WSSV surveillance to quickly take appropriate countermeasures in case of outbreak and to sustain this industry.
白点病（WSD）是由 （WSSV）引起的，是全球虾类养殖行业面临的最具破坏性的病毒性疾病，包括马达加斯加。WDS 于 2012 年首次在该岛报道；然而，对于病毒的循环及其遗传多样性知之甚少。我们的研究旨在描述 WSSV 在马达加斯加甲壳类动物种群中的分子多样性和传播。2012 年至 2016 年期间，从马达加斯加各地收集养殖和野生虾，并对 WSSV 进行了测试。对来自五个分子标记（ORF75、ORF94、ORF125、VR14/15 和 VR23/24）的阳性标本的扩增子进行测序，以进行基因分型特征描述。在马达加斯加发现了四种基因型。2012 年 4 月，在马达加斯加西南部观察到 I 型基因型，导致灾难性的疫情，然后传播到西北海岸。2012 年 10 月检测到 II 型菌株，导致另一个养殖场爆发疫情。2014 年和 2015 年，在虾养殖场观察到 II 型和 III 型。最后，在 2016 年，在包括 和 在内的野生物种中发现了 II 型和 IV 型。考虑到虾类养殖对马达加斯加的经济重要性，我们的研究强调需要保持 WSSV 监测，以便在爆发时迅速采取适当的对策，并维持这一产业。
