Saladino Giovanni M, Kilic Nuzhet I, Brodin Bertha, Hamawandi Bejan, Yazgan Idris, Hertz Hans M, Toprak Muhammet S
Department of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
Center of Biosensors and Materials, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu 37150, Turkey.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Aug 24;11(9):2165. doi: 10.3390/nano11092165.
Nanoparticle (NP)-based contrast agents enabling different imaging modalities are sought for non-invasive bio-diagnostics. A hybrid material, combining optical and X-ray fluorescence is presented as a bioimaging contrast agent. Core NPs based on metallic rhodium (Rh) have been demonstrated to be potential X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography (XFCT) contrast agents. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal method is used for NP synthesis, yielding large-scale NPs within a significantly short reaction time. Rh NP synthesis is performed by using a custom designed sugar ligand (LODAN), constituting a strong reducing agent in aqueous solution, which yields NPs with primary amines as surface functional groups. The amino groups on Rh NPs are used to directly conjugate excitation-independent nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (CQDs), which are synthesized through citrate pyrolysis in ammonia solution. CQDs provided the Rh NPs with optical fluorescence properties and improved their biocompatibility, as demonstrated in vitro by Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) on a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). The multimodal characteristics of the hybrid NPs are confirmed with confocal microscopy, and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) phantom experiments.
用于非侵入性生物诊断的、能够实现不同成像方式的基于纳米颗粒（NP）的造影剂备受关注。一种结合了光学和X射线荧光的混合材料被作为生物成像造影剂呈现出来。基于金属铑（Rh）的核心纳米颗粒已被证明是潜在的X射线荧光计算机断层扫描（XFCT）造影剂。微波辅助水热法用于纳米颗粒的合成，能在显著短的反应时间内制备出大规模的纳米颗粒。铑纳米颗粒的合成是通过使用定制设计的糖配体（LODAN）进行的，该配体在水溶液中是一种强还原剂，能生成以伯胺作为表面官能团的纳米颗粒。铑纳米颗粒上的氨基用于直接共轭不依赖激发的氮掺杂碳量子点（CQD），后者是通过在氨溶液中对柠檬酸盐进行热解合成的。如在巨噬细胞系（RAW 264.7）上通过实时细胞分析（RTCA）进行的体外实验所证明的，碳量子点赋予了铑纳米颗粒光学荧光特性并改善了它们的生物相容性。通过共聚焦显微镜和X射线荧光（XRF）体模实验证实了混合纳米颗粒的多模态特性。
