Structural and Magnetic Properties of CoNiGaGdFeO/ZnFeO Spinel Ferrite Nanocomposites: Comparative Study between Sol-Gel and Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid Approaches.

In this study, the samples of the ZnFeO (ZFO) spinel ferrites nanoparticles (SFNPs), CoNiGaGdFeO (CNGaGdFO) SFNPs and (CoNiGaGdFeO)/(ZnFeO) (: = 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1) (CNGaGdFO)/(ZFO) spinel ferrite nanocomposites (NC) have been synthesized by both sol-gel and Green pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) approaches. All products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM), elemental mappings and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It was objected to tune the magnetic properties of a soft spinel ferrite material with a softer one by mixing them with different fractions. Some key findings are as follows. M-H investigations revealed the exhibition of ferrimagnetic phases for all synthesized samples (except ZnFeO) that were synthesized by sol-gel or PLAL methods at both 300 K and 10 K. ZnFeO ferrite NPs exhibits almost paramagnetic feature at 300 K and glass-like phase at very low temperatures below 19.23 K. At RT analyses, maximum saturation magnetization () of 66.53 emu/g belongs to nanocomposite samples that was synthesized by sol-gel method and ratio of 1:3. At 10 K analyses, , = 118.71 emu/g belongs to same nanocomposite samples with ratio of 1:3. Maximum coercivities are 625 Oe belonging to CNGaGdFO and 3564 Oe belonging to NC sample that was obtained by sol-gel route having the 3:1 ratio. Squareness ratio (SQRs = /) of NC sample (sol-gel, 4:1 ratio) is 0.371 as maximum and other samples have much lower values until a minimum of 0.121 (laser, 3:1) assign the multi-domain wall structure for all samples at 300 K. At 10 K data, just CNGaGdFO has 0.495 SQR value assigning single domain nature. The maximum values of effective crystal anisotropy constant () are 5.92 × 10 Erg/g and 2.4 × 10 Erg/g belonging to CNGaGdFO at 300 K and 10 K, respectively. Further, this sample has an internal anisotropy field of 1953 Oe as largest at 300 K. At 10 K another sample (sol-gel, 3:1 ratio) has H of 11138 Oe which can also be classified as a soft magnetic material similar to other samples. Briefly, most magnetic parameters of NCs that were synthesized by sol-gel route are stronger than magnetic parameters of the NCs that were synthesized by PLAL at both temperatures. Some NC samples were observed to have stronger magnetic data as compared to magnetic parameters of CoNiGaGdFeO NPs at 10 K.