Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
Nutrients. 2021 Sep 21;13(9):3298. doi: 10.3390/nu13093298.
Understanding women's perceptions of eating behaviors and dietary patterns can inform the 'teachable moment' model of pregnancy. Our objectives were to describe eating behaviors and dietary patterns in pregnancy. This was a cross-sectional, national electronic survey. Women were ≥18 years of age, living in the United States, currently pregnant or less than two years postpartum, and had internet access. Age, education, race, and marriage were included as covariates in ordinal and binary logistic regressions (significance < 0.05). Women ( = 587 eligible) made positive or negative changes to their diets, while others maintained pre-existing eating behaviors. The majority of women did not try (84.9 to 95.1% across diets) and were unwilling to try (66.6 to 81%) specific dietary patterns during pregnancy. Concerns included not eating a balanced diet (60.1 to 65.9%), difficulty in implementation without family (63.2 to 64.8%), and expense (58.7 to 60.1%). Helpful strategies included being provided all meals and snacks (88.1 to 90.6%) and periodic consultations with a dietitian or nutritionist (85 to 86.7%). Responses differed across subgroups of parity, body mass index, and trimester, notably in women with obesity who reported healthier changes to their diet ( < 0.05). Our study underscores the importance of tailoring care early to individual needs, characteristics, and circumstances.
了解女性对饮食行为和饮食模式的看法，可以为妊娠的“可教时刻”模型提供信息。我们的目的是描述妊娠期间的饮食行为和饮食模式。这是一项全国性的横断面电子调查。研究对象为年龄≥18 岁、居住在美国、目前怀孕或产后不到两年且有互联网接入的女性。年龄、教育程度、种族和婚姻被纳入有序和二项逻辑回归的协变量（显著性<0.05）。一些女性改变了自己的饮食，而另一些女性则保持了原有的饮食习惯。大多数女性没有尝试（各饮食方式的尝试率为 84.9%至 95.1%），也不愿意尝试（各饮食方式的尝试意愿率为 66.6%至 81%）特定的饮食模式。关注的问题包括饮食不均衡（各饮食方式的关注率为 60.1%至 65.9%）、没有家人帮助难以实施（各饮食方式的关注率为 63.2%至 64.8%）和费用高（各饮食方式的关注率为 58.7%至 60.1%）。有用的策略包括提供所有的餐点和零食（各饮食方式的使用率为 88.1%至 90.6%）和定期与营养师或营养学家进行咨询（各饮食方式的使用率为 85%至 86.7%）。不同的产次、体重指数和孕期亚组的女性对这些策略的反应不同，特别是肥胖女性对自己的饮食有更健康的改变（<0.05）。我们的研究强调了根据个人需求、特征和情况量身定制护理的重要性。
