Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China.
J Hematol Oncol. 2021 Sep 27;14(1):156. doi: 10.1186/s13045-021-01164-5.
Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) have revolutionized cancer treatment, especially in patients whose disease was otherwise considered incurable. However, primary and secondary resistance to single agent immunotherapy often results in treatment failure, and only a minority of patients experience long-term benefits. This review article will discuss the relationship between cancer immune response and mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy. It will also provide a comprehensive review on the latest clinical status of combination therapies (e.g., immunotherapy with chemotherapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapy), and discuss combination therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. It will provide an overview of therapies targeting cytokines and other soluble immunoregulatory factors, ACT, virotherapy, innate immune modifiers and cancer vaccines, as well as combination therapies that exploit alternative immune targets and other therapeutic modalities. Finally, this review will include the stimulating insights from the 2020 China Immuno-Oncology Workshop co-organized by the Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON), the China National Medical Product Administration (NMPA) and Tsinghua University School of Medicine.
免疫疗法，如免疫检查点阻断（ICB）和过继细胞疗法（ACT），彻底改变了癌症治疗，特别是在那些疾病被认为无法治愈的患者中。然而，单一免疫疗法的原发性和继发性耐药常常导致治疗失败，只有少数患者能长期受益。这篇综述文章将讨论癌症免疫反应与免疫疗法耐药机制之间的关系。它还将对联合治疗（如免疫疗法联合化疗、放疗和靶向治疗）的最新临床状况进行全面综述，并讨论美国食品和药物管理局批准的联合治疗方案。它将概述靶向细胞因子和其他可溶性免疫调节因子、ACT、病毒疗法、先天免疫调节剂和癌症疫苗的治疗方法，以及利用替代免疫靶点和其他治疗方式的联合治疗方案。最后，这篇综述将包括由中美血液学家和肿瘤学家网络（CAHON）、中国国家药品监督管理局（NMPA）和清华大学医学院共同组织的 2020 年中国肿瘤免疫治疗研讨会的启示。
