OMS Students, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM), 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL 62702, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 15;21(14):5009. doi: 10.3390/ijms21145009.
The advent of novel immunotherapies in the treatment of cancers has dramatically changed the landscape of the oncology field. Recent developments in checkpoint inhibition therapies, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapies, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies, and cancer vaccines have shown immense promise for significant advancements in cancer treatments. Immunotherapies act on distinct steps of immune response to augment the body's natural ability to recognize, target, and destroy cancerous cells. Combination treatments with immunotherapies and other modalities intend to activate immune response, decrease immunosuppression, and target signaling and resistance pathways to offer a more durable, long-lasting treatment compared to traditional therapies and immunotherapies as monotherapies for cancers. This review aims to briefly describe the rationale, mechanisms of action, and clinical efficacy of common immunotherapies and highlight promising combination strategies currently approved or under clinical development. Additionally, we will discuss the benefits and limitations of these immunotherapy approaches as monotherapies as well as in combination with other treatments.
新型免疫疗法在癌症治疗中的出现，极大地改变了肿瘤学领域的格局。近年来，检查点抑制疗法、肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞疗法、嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞疗法和癌症疫苗的发展，为癌症治疗的重大进展带来了巨大的希望。免疫疗法作用于免疫反应的不同步骤，增强机体自然识别、靶向和破坏癌细胞的能力。免疫疗法与其他方式的联合治疗旨在激活免疫反应、减少免疫抑制，并靶向信号和抵抗途径，与传统疗法和免疫疗法作为癌症的单一疗法相比，提供更持久、更持久的治疗效果。本综述旨在简要描述常见免疫疗法的原理、作用机制和临床疗效，并强调目前批准或正在临床开发的有前途的联合策略。此外，我们还将讨论这些免疫治疗方法作为单一疗法以及与其他治疗方法联合应用的益处和局限性。
