Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
University of Florida, Chemical Engineering Department, Gainesville, United States of America; University of Tennessee, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Knoxville, TN, United States of America.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2021 Oct;129:112363. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112363. Epub 2021 Aug 9.
The development of novel hemostatic agents is related to the fact that severe blood loss due to hemorrhage continues to be the leading cause of preventable death of patients with military trauma and the second leading cause of death of civilian patients with injuries. Herein we assessed the hemostatic properties of porous sponges based on biocompatible hydrophilic polymer, poly(vinyl formal) (PVF), which meets the main requirements for the development of hemostatic materials. A series of composite hemostatic materials based on PVF sponges with different porosities and fillers were synthesized by acetalization of poly(vinyl alcohol) with formaldehyde. Nano-sized aminopropyl silica, micro-sized calcium carbonate, and chitosan hydrogel were used to modify PVF matrixes. The physicochemical properties (pore size, elemental composition, functional groups, hydrophilicity, and acetalization degree) of the synthesized composite sponges were studied by gravimetrical analysis, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Hemostatic properties of the materials were assessed using a model of parenchymal bleeding from the liver of white male Wistar rat with a gauze bandage as a control. All investigated PVF-based porous sponges showed high hemostatic activity: upon the application of PVF-samples the bleeding decreased within 3 min by 68.4-94.4% (р < 0.001). The bleeding time upon the application of PVF-based composites decreased by 78.3-90.4% (p < 0.001) compared to the application of well-known commercial product Celox™.
严重的出血性失血仍然是军事创伤患者可预防死亡的主要原因，也是民用创伤患者死亡的第二大原因。在此，我们评估了基于生物相容亲水性聚合物聚乙烯醇缩甲醛（PVF）的多孔海绵的止血性能，该聚合物满足了止血材料开发的主要要求。通过甲醛与聚乙烯醇缩醛化反应，合成了一系列具有不同孔隙率和填料的基于 PVF 海绵的复合止血材料。纳米级氨丙基硅、微米级碳酸钙和壳聚糖水凝胶被用于修饰 PVF 基质。通过重量分析、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜结合能谱、红外光谱和核磁共振研究了合成复合海绵的物理化学性质（孔径、元素组成、官能团、亲水性和缩醛化程度）。使用纱布绷带作为对照，通过对雄性 Wistar 大鼠肝脏实质出血模型评估了材料的止血性能。所有研究的基于 PVF 的多孔海绵均表现出高止血活性：应用 PVF 样品后，出血在 3 分钟内减少了 68.4-94.4%（р < 0.001）。与知名商业产品 Celox™相比，应用基于 PVF 的复合材料可将出血时间减少 78.3-90.4%（р < 0.001）。
