Bottemanne H, Chevance A, Joly L
Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau (ICM), UMR 7225/UMRS 1127, Sorbonne University/CNRS/Inserm, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Department of Philosophy, SND Research Unit, UMR 8011, CNRS, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Department of Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, DMU Neuroscience, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institute for Health and Medical Research, and French National Institute of Research for Agriculture, University of Paris, Paris, France.
Encephale. 2021 Dec;47(6):605-612. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.05.006. Epub 2021 Sep 24.
Philosophy of Mind is currently one of the most prolific fields of research in philosophy and has witnessed a progressive hybridization with cognitive science. It focuses on fundamental questions to neuroscience and psychiatry, such as the nature of mental states and cognitive processes, or the relationships between mental states and the world. Anticipating the accumulation of experimental data from neuroscience, it provides a framework for the generation of theories in cognitive science. Philosophy of mind has thus laid the foundations of the conceptual space within which cognitive sciences have spread: a large part of contemporary theories in cognitive science result from a hybridization of conceptions forged by philosophers of mind and data produced by neuroscientists. Yet contemporary psychiatry is still reluctant to feed on the philosophy of mind, other than through the fragments that emerge from neuroscience. In this paper, we describe the evolution of contemporary philosophy of mind, and we detail its contributions around three central themes for psychiatry: naturalization of mind, mental causality, and subjectivity of mental states. We show how philosophy of mind provide the conceptual framework to link different levels of explanation in psychiatry: from biological to functional, from neurophysiology to cognition, from matter to mind.
心灵哲学目前是哲学领域中研究成果最为丰硕的领域之一，并且已经见证了其与认知科学日益加深的融合。它关注神经科学和精神病学的基本问题，比如心理状态和认知过程的本质，或者心理状态与世界之间的关系。鉴于预期神经科学实验数据的积累，它为认知科学理论的生成提供了一个框架。心灵哲学因此奠定了认知科学得以发展的概念空间基础：当代认知科学的很大一部分理论源于心灵哲学家所形成的概念与神经科学家所产生的数据的融合。然而，当代精神病学除了通过神经科学中出现的片段之外，仍然不愿借鉴心灵哲学。在本文中，我们描述了当代心灵哲学的演变，并围绕精神病学的三个核心主题详细阐述了它的贡献：心灵的自然化、心理因果关系以及心理状态的主观性。我们展示了心灵哲学如何提供概念框架来连接精神病学中不同层次的解释：从生物学层面到功能层面，从神经生理学到认知层面，从物质到心灵。
