Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Brussels, 1050, Belgium.
KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
Dent Mater. 2021 Dec;37(12):1834-1844. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.09.013. Epub 2021 Sep 25.
The biocompatibility of resin based dental composites has not yet been fully characterized even though certain monomers used in these composites are synthesized from Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known estrogenic endocrine disruptor. As a result, they show structural relationship to BPA and can contain it as an impurity. Therefore, the estrogenic activity of 9 monomers, 2 photoinitiators, one photostabilizer and leachates of 4 commercially available composites was determined.
The ERα-CALUX bioassay was used to determine both agonistic and antagonistic estrogenic activities of the pure compounds (BPA, BisDMA, BisGMA, BisEMA(3), BisEMA(6), BisEMA(10), TEGDMA, TCD-DI-HEA, BADGE, UDMA, HMBP, DMPA, CQ) and the leachates of cured composite disks. The leachates of 4 commercially available composites (Solitaire 2, Ceram.x Spectra ST, G-ænial Posterior and Filtek Supreme XTE) in water and 0.1 M NaOH (pH = 13, 'worst-case scenario') were tested for estrogenic activity (pooled leachates from 10 cured composite disks).
Agonistic estrogenic activity was found for the monomer BisDMA, the photostabilizer HMBP and photoinitiator DMPA. All leachates from the 4 tested composites showed significant agonistic estrogenic activity higher than the DMSO control, and the highest activity (potency and efficacy) was found for Solitaire 2, followed by Ceram.x Spectra ST. Furthermore, antagonistic estrogenic activity was found in the leachates from G-ænial Posterior.
These results show that significant estrogenic activity was found in all leachates of the cured composite disks, and that this estrogenicity is most likely due to a mixture effect of multiple estrogenic compounds (including BPA, HMBP and DMPA). This indicates that further research into the endocrine activity of all the compounds that are present in these composites (even at low quantities) and their possible mixture effect is warranted to guarantee their safe use.
尽管某些用于这些复合材料的单体是由双酚 A (BPA) 合成的，BPA 是一种众所周知的雌激素内分泌干扰物，但树脂基牙科复合材料的生物相容性尚未得到充分表征。由于它们与 BPA 具有结构关系，并且可能含有 BPA 作为杂质。因此，测定了 9 种单体、2 种光引发剂、1 种光稳定剂和 4 种市售复合材料的浸提液的雌激素活性。
使用 ERα-CALUX 生物测定法测定纯化合物（BPA、BisDMA、BisGMA、BisEMA(3)、BisEMA(6)、BisEMA(10)、TEGDMA、TCD-DI-HEA、BADGE、UDMA、HMBP、DMPA、CQ）和固化复合盘浸提液的激动剂和拮抗剂雌激素活性。在水中和 0.1 M NaOH（pH = 13，“最坏情况”）中测试了 4 种市售复合材料（Solitaire 2、 Ceram.x Spectra ST、G-ænial Posterior 和 Filtek Supreme XTE）的浸提液的雌激素活性（从 10 个固化复合盘中提取的混合浸提液）。
发现单体 BisDMA、光稳定剂 HMBP 和光引发剂 DMPA 具有激动剂雌激素活性。所有测试复合材料的浸提液均显示出明显的激动剂雌激素活性，高于 DMSO 对照，Solitaire 2 的活性最高（效力和功效），其次是 Ceram.x Spectra ST。此外，在 G-ænial Posterior 的浸提液中发现了拮抗雌激素活性。
这些结果表明，在所有固化复合盘中，均发现了显著的雌激素活性，而这种雌激素活性很可能是由于多种雌激素化合物（包括 BPA、HMBP 和 DMPA）的混合物效应所致。这表明有必要对这些复合材料中存在的所有化合物（即使是微量）的内分泌活性及其可能的混合物效应进行进一步研究，以保证其安全使用。
