School of Marketing, University of New South Wales.
Emotion. 2022 Oct;22(7):1653-1669. doi: 10.1037/emo0000984. Epub 2021 Sep 16.
Threat-based awe, or threat-awe, has been conceptualized as a fear-centric, negative-valenced variant of awe, although awe is a positive emotion embodying wonder and amazement. This research, however, argues that threat-awe is a mixed emotion rather than a negatively valenced subaspect of awe. We tested this conceptualization using two methodologies: (a) the theoretical framework of cognitive appraisals and (b) measures of ambivalence (an emotion co-occurrence index of bivalence, the Evaluative Space Grid, and a four-item scale to measure mixed emotions). Five studies (N = 1,140) compared threat-awe's appraisal profile and valence perceptions to univalenced, positive (awe, pride, happiness) and negative (fear) emotions. Research suggests that appraisal profiles of mixed emotions are close to their component emotions but distinct on certain appraisal dimensions. The empirical measures of valence demonstrate that threat-awe is felt as awe and fear in concert. Further, in terms of appraisals, threat-awe's appraisal profile is distinct from awe and fear on the dimensions of vastness, pleasantness, and situational control. Together, the two approaches-cognitive appraisals and measures of valence-provide convergent evidence that threat-awe is a mixed emotion. In conceptually clarifying threat-awe, we contribute to the nascent literature on mixed emotions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
基于威胁的敬畏，或威胁敬畏，被概念化为敬畏的恐惧为中心的、负性变项，尽管敬畏是一种体现惊奇和惊叹的积极情绪。然而，这项研究认为，威胁敬畏是一种混合情绪，而不是敬畏的负性亚方面。我们使用两种方法来检验这种概念化：（a）认知评价的理论框架和（b）矛盾性的测量（矛盾的情绪共同出现指数、评价空间网格和测量混合情绪的四项量表）。五项研究（N=1140）比较了威胁敬畏的评价特征和效价感知与非单极的积极（敬畏、自豪、幸福）和消极（恐惧）情绪。研究表明，混合情绪的评价特征与它们的组成情绪相似，但在某些评价维度上有所不同。效价的实证测量表明，威胁敬畏是敬畏和恐惧同时感受到的。此外，就评价而言，威胁敬畏的评价特征在广阔性、愉悦性和情境控制等维度上与敬畏和恐惧不同。这两种方法——认知评价和效价测量——提供了一致的证据，表明威胁敬畏是一种混合情绪。在概念上澄清威胁敬畏，我们为新兴的混合情绪文献做出了贡献。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
