Humboldt University of Berlin, Department of Biology, Invalidenstr. 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany.
Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, D-16321 Bernau, Germany.
Anim Reprod Sci. 2021 Nov;234:106855. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106855. Epub 2021 Sep 22.
This review is part of the Festschrift in honor of Dr. Duane Garner and provides an overview of current techniques in cooled storage of semen from livestock animals such as camelids, goats, and sheep. Facing worldwide environmental changes and a trend towards more conscious and healthy eating behaviors, the development of a stable animal breeding industry is a significant challenge for the near future. In the present review, factors influencing semen handling in camelids, goats and sheep are described and relevant methods as well as current trends to improve liquid-storage of cooled semen are discussed, including extenders, additives, cooling rates, and storage temperatures. The species-specific physiology and resulting challenges are taken into consideration. While the main problem for camelid semen processing is the relatively greater viscosity as compared with that of some other animals, the deciding factor for successful artificial insemination (AI) in goats and sheep is the site (i.e., cervical or vaginal) of semen placement in the reproductive tract. Due to the type of cervical anatomy, the penetration of the cervix when using AI instruments is rather difficult. Furthermore, the seminal plasma of small ruminants affects the interaction with milk-based extenders and egg yolk which results in species-specific regimens for cooled liquid-preservation. Comparing all three species, the greatest pregnancy rates were obtained by AI with goat semen after cooled liquid-storage for several days.
这篇综述是为纪念杜安·加纳博士而撰写的，概述了目前在冷却保存骆驼科动物、山羊和绵羊等家畜精液方面的技术。面对全球环境变化和更有意识、更健康饮食行为的趋势，稳定的动物养殖产业的发展是未来的重大挑战。在本综述中，描述了影响骆驼科动物、山羊和绵羊精液处理的因素，并讨论了相关方法以及目前改善冷却精液液体储存的趋势，包括稀释剂、添加剂、冷却速度和储存温度。考虑了物种特异性的生理学和由此产生的挑战。虽然骆驼科动物精液处理的主要问题是与其他一些动物相比，其相对较大的粘度，但山羊和绵羊人工授精（AI）成功的决定因素是精液在生殖道中的放置部位（即宫颈或阴道）。由于宫颈解剖结构的原因，使用 AI 仪器时宫颈的穿透相当困难。此外，小反刍动物的精浆会影响与基于奶的稀释剂和蛋黄的相互作用，从而导致特定于物种的冷却液体保存方案。比较这三个物种，在经过几天的冷却液体保存后，山羊精液的 AI 获得了最高的妊娠率。
