Schnell Tatjana, Spitzenstätter Daniel, Krampe Henning
Social Sciences, MF Specialized University, Oslo, Norway.
Existential Psychology Lab, Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Psychol Health. 2022 Dec;37(12):1680-1701. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1974861. Epub 2021 Sep 28.
This study examined predictors of compliance with public health guidelines to curb transmission of COVID-19.
Applying an exploratory longitudinal design, participants ( = 431) from Germany and Austria completed surveys in April/May 2020 (T1) and July/August 2020 (T2).
Three outcome measures operationalised compliance with public health guidelines at T2: self-reported adherence (behavioural), agreement and opposition (attitudinal). At T1, demographics, perceived distress (PHQ-4, crisis of meaning), resources (self-control, meaningfulness), locus of control, conspiracy mentality and social media use were assessed. At T2, situational variables were added (person at risk, infection of close person, fear of infection, COVID-19 stress). Temporal shifts from T1 to T2 were examined as complementary information.
An attitude-behaviour gap at T2 was identified, as agreement with and opposition to the guidelines were only modestly correlated with adherence to them. Measures of personal concern (fear of infection, person at risk) were associated with both adherence and positive attitudes towards the measures. COVID-19 stress and conspiracy mentality predicted negative attitudes, but not adherence. Age predicted adherence positively, social media use negatively.
The findings support the significance of personal concern for compliance with public health guidelines and suggest a critical impact of social media use and conspiracy mentality.
本研究探讨了遵守公共卫生指南以遏制新冠病毒传播的预测因素。
采用探索性纵向设计，来自德国和奥地利的431名参与者于2020年4月/5月（T1）和2020年7月/8月（T2）完成了调查。
三项结果测量指标用于衡量在T2时对公共卫生指南的遵守情况：自我报告的依从性（行为方面）、赞同和反对（态度方面）。在T1时，评估了人口统计学特征、感知到的困扰（患者健康问卷-4，意义危机）、资源（自我控制、意义感）、控制点、阴谋心态和社交媒体使用情况。在T2时，增加了情境变量（有风险的人、亲密的人感染、感染恐惧、新冠病毒压力）。研究了从T1到T2的时间变化，作为补充信息。
在T2时发现了态度与行为之间的差距，因为对指南的赞同和反对与遵守指南的情况仅存在适度关联。个人担忧的指标（感染恐惧、有风险的人）与遵守情况以及对这些措施的积极态度均相关。新冠病毒压力和阴谋心态预测了消极态度，但与遵守情况无关。年龄对遵守情况有正向预测作用，社交媒体使用则有负向预测作用。
研究结果支持了个人担忧对遵守公共卫生指南的重要性，并表明了社交媒体使用和阴谋心态的关键影响。
