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耐盐碱性螺旋菌（Spiribacter halalkaliphilus）中高度综合的适应性机制，这种菌在中国苏打盐湖中大量存在。

Highly integrated adaptive mechanisms in Spiribacter halalkaliphilus, a bacterium abundant in Chinese soda-saline lakes.

机构信息

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.

出版信息

Environ Microbiol. 2021 Nov;23(11):6463-6482. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15794. Epub 2021 Oct 5.

DOI:10.1111/1462-2920.15794
PMID:34587356
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9292931/
Abstract

Soda-saline lakes are polyextreme environments inhabited by many haloalkaliphiles, including one of the most abundant Spiribacter species. However, its mechanisms of adaptation are not ecophysiologically characterized. Based on a large-scale cultivation strategy, we obtained a representative isolate of this Spiribacter species whose relative abundance was the highest (up to 15.63%) in a wide range of salinities in the soda-saline lakes in Inner Mongolia, China. This species is a chemoorganoheterotrophic haloalkaliphile. It has a small and streamlined genome and utilizes a wide variety of compatible solutes to resist osmotic pressure and multiple monovalent cation/proton antiporters for pH homeostasis. In addition to growth enhancement by light under microaerobic conditions, cell growth, organic substrate consumption and polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis were also improved by inorganic sulfide. Both quantitative RT-PCR and enzymatic assays verified that sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase was upregulated during this process. Metatranscriptomic analysis indicated that all genes related to environmental adaptation were transcribed in natural environments. Overall, this study has identified a novel abundant haloalkaliphile with multiple and highly integrated adaptive strategies and found that inorganic sulfide was able to improve the adaptation of a heterotroph to polyextreme environments.

摘要

苏打盐水湖是多种极端环境的栖息地，有许多嗜盐古菌栖息于此，其中包括一种丰度最高的螺旋菌属。然而，其适应机制在生理生态上尚未得到充分的研究。基于大规模培养策略，我们获得了一株该螺旋菌属的代表性分离株，其相对丰度在中国内蒙古苏打盐水湖中广泛盐度范围内最高（高达 15.63%）。该种是一种化能有机异养嗜盐古菌。它具有一个小巧而精简的基因组，并利用多种相容性溶质来抵抗渗透压，以及多种单价阳离子/质子反向转运蛋白来维持 pH 稳态。除了在微氧条件下通过光照促进生长外，无机硫化物还可以提高细胞生长、有机底物消耗和聚羟基丁酸的生物合成。定量 RT-PCR 和酶活性测定均证实，在此过程中，硫醌氧化还原酶被上调。宏转录组分析表明，所有与环境适应相关的基因在自然环境中均有转录。总的来说，本研究鉴定了一种具有多种高度集成适应策略的新型丰富嗜盐古菌，并发现无机硫化物能够提高异养生物对多种极端环境的适应能力。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1f1e/9292931/b8dfabb4f848/EMI-23-6463-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1f1e/9292931/2dcfd48fa8e4/EMI-23-6463-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1f1e/9292931/7a95bf0028dc/EMI-23-6463-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1f1e/9292931/093b9fe713b8/EMI-23-6463-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1f1e/9292931/798e263ea7cd/EMI-23-6463-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1f1e/9292931/c47283b49da3/EMI-23-6463-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1f1e/9292931/93213c8ccef1/EMI-23-6463-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1f1e/9292931/b8dfabb4f848/EMI-23-6463-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1f1e/9292931/2dcfd48fa8e4/EMI-23-6463-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1f1e/9292931/7a95bf0028dc/EMI-23-6463-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1f1e/9292931/093b9fe713b8/EMI-23-6463-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1f1e/9292931/798e263ea7cd/EMI-23-6463-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1f1e/9292931/c47283b49da3/EMI-23-6463-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1f1e/9292931/93213c8ccef1/EMI-23-6463-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1f1e/9292931/b8dfabb4f848/EMI-23-6463-g003.jpg

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