Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.
Chem Rev. 2021 Oct 13;121(19):11937-11970. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00271. Epub 2021 Sep 29.
Our ability to detect, image, and quantify nanoscopic objects and molecules with visible light has undergone dramatic improvements over the past few decades. While fluorescence has historically been the go-to contrast mechanism for ultrasensitive light microscopy due to its superior background suppression and specificity, recent developments based on light scattering have reached single-molecule sensitivity. They also have the advantages of universal applicability and the ability to obtain information about the species of interest beyond its presence and location. Many of the recent advances are driven by novel approaches to illumination, detection, and background suppression, all aimed at isolating and maximizing the signal of interest. Here, we review these developments grouped according to the basic principles used, namely darkfield imaging, interferometric detection, and surface plasmon resonance microscopy.
在过去的几十年中，我们用可见光探测、成像和量化纳米级物体和分子的能力有了显著的提高。虽然由于其优越的背景抑制和特异性，荧光在过去一直是超灵敏光学显微镜的首选对比机制，但基于光散射的最新发展已经达到了单分子灵敏度。它们还具有普遍适用性的优点，并且能够获得有关感兴趣物种的信息，而不仅仅是其存在和位置。最近的许多进展都是由新的照明、检测和背景抑制方法推动的，所有这些方法都旨在分离和最大化感兴趣的信号。在这里，我们根据所使用的基本原理对这些进展进行分组，即暗场成像、干涉检测和表面等离子体共振显微镜。
