Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom; email:
Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; email:
Annu Rev Psychol. 2022 Jan 4;73:327-352. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-011744. Epub 2021 Sep 29.
Efforts to guide peoples' behavior toward environmental sustainability, good health, or new products have emphasized informational and attitude change strategies. There is evidence that changing attitudes leads to changes in behavior, yet this approach takes insufficient account of the nature and operation of habits, which form boundary conditions for attitude-directed interventions. Integration of research on attitudes and habits might enable investigators to identify when and how behavior change strategies will be most effective. How might attitudinally driven behavior change be consolidated into lasting habits? How do habits protect the individual against the vicissitudes of attitudes and temptations and promote goal achievement? How might attitudinal approaches aiming to change habits be improved by capitalizing on habit discontinuities and strategic planning? When and how might changing or creating habit architecture shape habits directly? A systematic approach to these questions might help move behavior change efforts from attitude change strategies to habit change strategies.
引导人们的行为朝向环境可持续性、健康或新产品的努力强调了信息和态度改变策略。有证据表明，改变态度会导致行为的改变，但这种方法没有充分考虑习惯的性质和运作，而习惯是态度导向干预的边界条件。将态度和习惯的研究结合起来，可以使研究人员确定行为改变策略何时以及如何最有效。如何将受态度驱动的行为改变纳入持久的习惯？习惯如何保护个人免受态度的变化和诱惑的影响，促进目标的实现？如何利用习惯的不连续性和策略性规划来改进旨在改变习惯的态度方法？何时以及如何通过改变或创建习惯结构直接塑造习惯？对这些问题的系统方法可能有助于将行为改变的努力从态度改变策略转移到习惯改变策略。
