Gao Xuemei, Lu Jiangmiao, Huang Yating, Wang Ling
1Psychological Research and Consultation Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 999 Xian Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
2Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
J Behav Addict. 2025 May 15;14(2):757-775. doi: 10.1556/2006.2024.00084. Print 2025 Jul 2.
BACKGROUND: Public health issues arising from excessive online gaming have garnered significant research interest. Existing studies indicate that, within the framework of the dual-systems theory, the equilibrium between the goal-directed and habitual control systems is disrupted in patients with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Nevertheless, the understanding of how this imbalance manifests within the brain is limited. This study aims to investigate real-time brain activity in individuals with IGD during the activation of both the goal-directed and habitual systems using electrophysiological techniques. METHODS: Twenty-four individuals with IGD and twenty-three matched recreational game users (RGUs) underwent electroencephalography (EEG) data collection while completing an outcome devaluation task. Differences between the two groups at the Fz, Cz, and Pz electrodes were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The behavioral results revealed that the RGU group exhibited higher accuracy than the IGD group during the learning phase (t(45) = -3.08, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.42). During the slip-of-action test, the IGD group made more action-slip responses for devalued outcomes than the RGU group (F(1,45) = 6.22, p = 0.016, η2 = 0.12). The EEG experiment results indicated that, upon stimulus presentation during the slip-of-action test, the IGD group had significantly more negative average amplitudes at the Fz and Cz electrodes compared with the RGUs (-7.26 ± 6.28 μV; -5.18 ± 5.49 μV; F(1,40) = 5.54, p = 0.024, η2 = 0.12; F(1,40) = 4.92, p = 0.032, η2 = 0.11). Concurrently, the single-group analysis based on RGU revealed that habitual control appears to be associated with greater N2 and P3 amplitudes during the stimulus-locked phase. CONCLUSIONS: The goal-directed system of individuals with IGD is impaired, manifesting in the increased cognitive resources required to activate the goal-directed system when they need to disrupt habitual responses. This suggests that the imbalance due to IGD within the dual systems may originate from an impaired goal-directed system rather than the overactivation of the habitual system.
背景：过度在线游戏引发的公共卫生问题已引起了大量研究关注。现有研究表明，在双系统理论框架内，网络游戏障碍（IGD）患者的目标导向控制系统与习惯控制系统之间的平衡被打破。然而，对于这种失衡在大脑中如何表现的理解仍然有限。本研究旨在使用电生理技术，调查IGD患者在目标导向系统和习惯系统激活过程中的实时脑活动。 方法：24名IGD患者和23名匹配的娱乐游戏用户（RGU）在完成结果贬值任务时接受了脑电图（EEG）数据收集。使用重复测量方差分析比较两组在Fz、Cz和Pz电极处的差异。 结果：行为结果显示，在学习阶段，RGU组的准确率高于IGD组（t(45) = -3.08，p < 0.001，η2 = 0.42）。在行动失误测试中，IGD组对贬值结果做出的行动失误反应比RGU组更多（F(1,45) = 6.22，p = 0.016，η2 = 0.12）。EEG实验结果表明，在行动失误测试中呈现刺激时，与RGU组相比，IGD组在Fz和Cz电极处的平均负波幅显著更大（-7.26 ± 6.28 μV；-5.18 ± 5.49 μV；F(1,40) = 5.54，p = 0.024，η2 = 0.12；F(1,40) = 4.92，p = 0.032，η2 = 0.11）。同时，基于RGU的单组分析表明，在刺激锁定阶段，习惯控制似乎与更大的N2和P3波幅相关。 结论：IGD患者的目标导向系统受损，表现为当他们需要打破习惯反应时，激活目标导向系统需要更多的认知资源。这表明双系统中由IGD导致的失衡可能源于目标导向系统受损，而非习惯系统的过度激活。
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