Omer Hiba
Department of Basic Sciences Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Oct;28(10):5585-5592. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.071. Epub 2021 Jun 1.
Radiation is used in medicine to diagnose and treat diseases but it can also cause harm to the body by burning or mutation. This depends on whether the radiation is ionizing or nonionizing. Despite its vast applications in surgery, dermatology and cosmetics, little is taught and thus known about non-ionizing radiation. This review article discusses the fundamentals of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiations. The main aim is to extensively explain the different types of non-ionizing radiation. This will equip students and medical personnel with knowledge on different medical applications and expose them to a variety of specializations in medicine that utilize non-ionizing radiation. The article discusses the physics, hazard, means of protection and medical application of each type of radiation: ultraviolet radiation, light (both visible light and LASER), infrared radiation, microwaves and extremely low frequency radiation separately. It presents these terms in a simple manner that avoids rigors mathematics and physics, which makes them comprehensible for medical students. The development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches could also lead to increased hazards to the body unless they are treated with precaution. If not adequately monitored, a significant health risk may be posed to potentially exposed employees. Hence proper dosage should be used for non-ionizing radiation. This is only possible through understanding of the risks/benefits of these radiations by studying the physics and radiobiological effects of each individual radiation.
辐射在医学上用于诊断和治疗疾病，但它也可能通过灼伤或突变对身体造成伤害。这取决于辐射是电离辐射还是非电离辐射。尽管非电离辐射在外科手术、皮肤病学和化妆品领域有广泛应用，但关于它的教学和了解却很少。这篇综述文章讨论了非电离电磁辐射的基本原理。主要目的是广泛解释不同类型的非电离辐射。这将使学生和医务人员了解不同的医学应用知识，并让他们接触到利用非电离辐射的各种医学专业领域。文章分别讨论了每种辐射的物理特性、危害、防护方法和医学应用：紫外线辐射、光（可见光和激光）、红外线辐射、微波和极低频辐射。它以一种避免严格数学和物理知识的简单方式呈现这些内容，这使得医学生能够理解。新的诊断和治疗方法的发展也可能导致对身体的危害增加，除非谨慎对待。如果没有充分监测，可能会对潜在暴露的员工构成重大健康风险。因此，应使用适当剂量的非电离辐射。只有通过研究每种辐射的物理特性和放射生物学效应来了解这些辐射的风险/益处，才有可能做到这一点。
