Amin Muhammad, Raza Gurmani Ali, Rafique Mazhar, Ullah Khan Sami, Mehmood Ayaz, Muhammad Dost, Hussain Syed Jabir
Department of Soil & Climate Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Oct;28(10):5890-5896. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.035. Epub 2021 Jun 21.
Reducing toxic effects of pesticide residues in agricultural soils through organic amendments is an eco-friendly technique. Cypermethrin (CYP) and Chlorpyrifos (CPP) are widely used pesticides in peach growing orchards in Swat valley of Pakistan. The aim of the current study was to investigate the degradation behavior of CYP and CPP in soil by the application of different combination of organic/inorganic amendments. A total of 36 soil samples were used in the current incubation study which was collected from 4 peach orchards in district Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. Different amendments including urea, farm yard manure (FYM) and saprofil were applied alone and in various combinations. The initial concentrations of CYP and CPP in the tested soil was range from 0.94 to 4.8 mg kg and 0.024 to 4.12 to mg kg. Soil samples were taken at 5, 15, 30 and 45 days after exposure to different treatments. The extraction of pesticides from soils was done through quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method. Soils amended with urea, FYM and saprofil individually and in combinations significantly reduced the concentrations of CYP and CPP. However, the concentration of CYP (24.6) and CPP (27.0) in soil showed higher reduction through the application of FYM. While the concentrations of CYP and CPP were declined with the 5, 15, 30 and 45 days intervals, however, reduction at day 30 and 45 was faster for CYP (16.7 to 8.46) than CPP (20.2 to 12.3). At day 5 and 15, the CYP (42.5 to 30.7) was slightly lower than CPP (42.9 to 32.7).The highest half-life value (t ½) of CYP was in control treatment (32 days) and the shortest was soil amended with FYM (18.6 days). While the longest half-life value (t ½) of CPP was maximum in control treatment (42 days) and the minimum was in FYM (22 days). Based on our findings, it was concluded that soil application of FYM is recommended for the degradation of CYP and CPP.
通过有机改良剂降低农业土壤中农药残留的毒性影响是一种生态友好型技术。氯氰菊酯（CYP）和毒死蜱（CPP）是巴基斯坦斯瓦特山谷桃园中广泛使用的农药。本研究的目的是通过应用不同组合的有机/无机改良剂来研究CYP和CPP在土壤中的降解行为。在当前的培养研究中总共使用了36个土壤样本，这些样本取自巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省（KPK）斯瓦特地区的4个桃园。单独或多种组合施用了包括尿素、农家肥（FYM）和腐殖土在内的不同改良剂。测试土壤中CYP和CPP的初始浓度范围分别为0.94至4.8毫克/千克和0.024至4.12毫克/千克。在暴露于不同处理后第5、15、30和45天采集土壤样本。通过快速、简便、廉价、有效、耐用且安全（QuEChERS）的提取方法从土壤中提取农药。单独或组合施用尿素、FYM和腐殖土改良的土壤显著降低了CYP和CPP的浓度。然而，通过施用FYM，土壤中CYP（24.6）和CPP（27.0）的浓度降低幅度更大。虽然CYP和CPP的浓度随5、15、30和45天的时间间隔而下降，但是在第30天和第45天，CYP（从16.7降至8.46）的降解速度比CPP（从20.2降至12.3）更快。在第5天和第15天，CYP（从42.5降至30.7）略低于CPP（从42.9降至32.7）。CYP的最高半衰期值（t½）出现在对照处理中（32天），最短的是用FYM改良的土壤（18.6天）。而CPP的最长半衰期值（t½）在对照处理中最大（42天），最小的是在FYM处理中（22天）。基于我们的研究结果，得出结论：建议通过在土壤中施用FYM来降解CYP和CPP。
