Valente Antonio, Tulus Victor, Galán-Martín Ángel, Huijbregts Mark A J, Guillén-Gosálbez Gonzalo
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich 8093 - Zurich Switzerland
Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Universidad de Jaén Campus Las Lagunillas s/n 23071 Jaén Spain.
Sustain Energy Fuels. 2021 Jul 30;5(18):4637-4649. doi: 10.1039/d1se00790d. eCollection 2021 Sep 14.
Green hydrogen, , produced from renewable resources, is attracting attention as an alternative fuel for the future of heavy road transport and long-distance driving. However, the benefits linked to zero pollution at the usage stage can be overturned when considering the upstream processes linked to the raw materials and energy requirements. To better understand the global environmental implications of fuelling heavy transport with hydrogen, we quantified the environmental impacts over the full life cycle of hydrogen use in the context of the Planetary Boundaries (PBs). The scenarios assessed cover hydrogen from biomass gasification (with and without carbon capture and storage [CCS]) and electrolysis powered by wind, solar, bioenergy with CCS, nuclear, and grid electricity. Our results show that the current diesel-based-heavy transport sector is unsustainable due to the transgression of the climate change-related PBs (exceeding standalone by two times the global climate-change budget). Hydrogen-fuelled heavy transport would reduce the global pressure on the climate change-related PBs helping the transport sector to stay within the safe operating space (, below one-third of the global ecological budget in all the scenarios analysed). However, the best scenarios in terms of climate change, which are biomass-based, would shift burdens to the biosphere integrity and nitrogen flow PBs. In contrast, burden shifting in the electrolytic scenarios would be negligible, with hydrogen from wind electricity emerging as an appealing technology despite attaining higher carbon emissions than the biomass routes.
绿色氢气由可再生资源产生，作为重型道路运输和长途驾驶未来的替代燃料正受到关注。然而，在考虑与原材料和能源需求相关的上游过程时，使用阶段零污染带来的好处可能会被推翻。为了更好地理解用氢气为重型运输提供燃料对全球环境的影响，我们在行星边界（PBs）的背景下，对氢气使用的整个生命周期内的环境影响进行了量化。评估的情景涵盖来自生物质气化（有和没有碳捕获与封存[CCS]）以及由风能、太阳能、带有CCS的生物能源、核能和电网电力驱动的电解产生的氢气。我们的结果表明，当前基于柴油的重型运输部门是不可持续的，因为其跨越了与气候变化相关的行星边界（超出单独的全球气候变化预算两倍）。以氢气为燃料的重型运输将减轻与气候变化相关的行星边界上的全球压力，帮助运输部门保持在安全运行空间内（在所有分析情景中，低于全球生态预算的三分之一）。然而，就气候变化而言，基于生物质的最佳情景会将负担转移到生物多样性完整性和氮流动行星边界上。相比之下，电解情景中的负担转移可以忽略不计，尽管风电产生的氢气碳排放高于生物质路线，但它仍是一种有吸引力的技术。
