Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
Nat Commun. 2022 May 9;13(1):2535. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30136-7.
Meeting the 1.5 °C target may require removing up to 1,000 Gtonne CO by 2100 with Negative Emissions Technologies (NETs). We evaluate the impacts of Direct Air Capture and Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS and BECCS), finding that removing 5.9 Gtonne/year CO can prevent <9·10 disability-adjusted life years per million people annually, relative to a baseline without NETs. Avoiding this health burden-similar to that of Parkinson's-can save substantial externalities (≤148 US$/tonne CO), comparable to the NETs levelized costs. The health co-benefits of BECCS, dependent on the biomass source, can exceed those of DACCS. Although both NETs can help to operate within the climate change and ocean acidification planetary boundaries, they may lead to trade-offs between Earth-system processes. Only DACCS can avert damage to the biosphere integrity without challenging other biophysical limits (impacts ≤2% of the safe operating space). The quantified NETs co-benefits can incentivize their adoption.
为了在 2100 年之前将大气中二氧化碳浓度降低到 1.5°C 以下，可能需要使用负排放技术（NETs）去除多达 1000 吉吨的二氧化碳。我们评估了直接空气捕捉和生物能源与碳捕集和封存（DACCS 和 BECCS）的影响，发现每年去除 5.9 吉吨/年的二氧化碳可以防止每年每百万人中<9.10 个残疾调整生命年，与没有 NETs 的基线相比。避免这种健康负担——类似于帕金森病——可以节省大量的外部性（≤148 美元/吨二氧化碳），与 NETs 的平准化成本相当。BECCS 的健康协同效益取决于生物质源，可以超过 DACCS。虽然这两种 NETs 都有助于在气候变化和海洋酸化的行星边界内运作，但它们可能会导致地球系统过程之间的权衡。只有 DACCS 可以在不挑战其他生物物理限制的情况下避免对生物圈完整性的破坏（影响≤安全运行空间的 2%）。量化的 NETs 协同效益可以激励它们的采用。
