National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia,USA.
Eagle Global Scientific LLC, Atlanta, Georgia,USA.
J Infect Dis. 2021 Sep 30;224(12 Suppl 2):S443-S451. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab310.
This manuscript describes the history, background, and current structure of the United States Immunization Program, founded upon public- and private-sector partnerships that include federal agencies, state and local health departments, tribal nations and organizations, healthcare providers, vaccine manufacturers, pharmacies, and a multitude of additional stakeholders. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sets the U.S. adult and childhood immunization schedules based on recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. We review the current immunization schedules; describe the set of surveillance and other systems used to monitor the health impact, coverage levels, and safety of recommended vaccines; and note significant challenges. Vaccines have reduced the incidence of many diseases to historic lows in the US, and have potential to further reduce the burden of respiratory and other infectious diseases in the United States. Though the United States vaccination program has had notable successes in reducing morbidity and mortality from infectious disease, challenges-including disparities in access and vaccine hesitancy-remain. Supporting access to and confidence in vaccines as an essential public health intervention will not only protect individuals from vaccine-preventable diseases; it will also ensure the country is prepared for the next pandemic.
这篇手稿描述了美国免疫计划的历史、背景和当前结构，该计划建立在包括联邦机构、州和地方卫生部门、部落国家和组织、医疗保健提供者、疫苗制造商、药店以及众多其他利益相关者在内的公私合作伙伴关系之上。疾病预防控制中心根据免疫实践咨询委员会的建议制定了美国成人和儿童的免疫计划。我们回顾了当前的免疫计划；描述了用于监测推荐疫苗的健康影响、覆盖水平和安全性的一整套监测和其他系统；并指出了重大挑战。疫苗的使用使美国许多疾病的发病率降至历史新低，并有可能进一步减轻美国呼吸道和其他传染病的负担。尽管美国的疫苗接种计划在减少传染病的发病率和死亡率方面取得了显著的成功，但仍存在一些挑战，包括在获得疫苗方面的差距和对疫苗的犹豫。支持将疫苗作为一项基本公共卫生干预措施的可及性和信心，不仅可以保护个人免受疫苗可预防的疾病的侵害；还将确保该国为下一次大流行做好准备。
