Ao Ming, Chen Xiaoting, Deng Tenghaobo, Sun Shengsheng, Tang Yetao, Morel Jean Louis, Qiu Rongliang, Wang Shizhong
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Public Monitoring Center for Agro-Product of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Feb 15;424(Pt A):127233. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127233. Epub 2021 Sep 15.
Chromium (Cr) is a toxic heavy metal that is heavily discharged into the soil environment due to its widespread use and mining. High Cr levels may pose toxic hazards to plants, animals and humans, and thus have attracted global attention. Recently, much progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms of Cr uptake, transport and accumulation in soil-plant systems, aiming to reduce the toxicity and ecological risk of Cr in soil; however, these topics have not been critically reviewed and summarised to date. Accordingly, based on available data-especially from the last five years (2017-2021)-this review traces a plausible link among Cr sources, levels, chemical forms, and phytoavailability in soil; Cr accumulation and translocation in plants; and Cr phytotoxicity and detoxification in plants. Additionally, given the toxicity and hazard posed by Cr(VI) in soils and the application of reductant materials to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) for the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soils, the reduction and immobilisation mechanisms by organic and inorganic reductants are summarised. Finally, some priority research challenges concerning the biogeochemical behaviour of Cr in soil-plant systems are highlighted, as well as the environmental impacts resulting from the application of reductive materials and potential research prospects.
铬（Cr）是一种有毒重金属，因其广泛使用和开采而大量排放到土壤环境中。高铬含量可能对植物、动物和人类构成毒性危害，因此已引起全球关注。近年来，在阐明土壤-植物系统中铬的吸收、运输和积累机制方面取得了很大进展，旨在降低土壤中铬的毒性和生态风险；然而，这些主题迄今为止尚未得到批判性的综述和总结。因此，基于现有数据——特别是过去五年（2017 - 2021年）的数据——本综述追溯了土壤中铬的来源、含量、化学形态和植物有效性之间的合理联系；植物中铬的积累和转运；以及植物中铬的植物毒性和解毒作用。此外，鉴于土壤中六价铬（Cr(VI)）的毒性和危害以及应用还原材料将六价铬还原为三价铬（Cr(III)）以修复受六价铬污染的土壤，总结了有机和无机还原剂的还原和固定机制。最后，强调了一些关于土壤-植物系统中铬生物地球化学行为的优先研究挑战，以及还原材料应用所产生的环境影响和潜在的研究前景。
