Spinal Circuits and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America.
Spinal Circuits and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America.
Exp Neurol. 2022 Jan;347:113879. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113879. Epub 2021 Sep 28.
Reaching to grasp is an evolutionarily conserved behavior and a crucial part of the motor repertoire in mammals. As it is studied in the laboratory, reaching has become the prototypical example of dexterous forelimb movements, illuminating key principles of motor control throughout the spinal cord, brain, and peripheral nervous system. Here, we (1) review the motor elements or phases that comprise the reach, grasp, and retract movements of reaching behavior, (2) highlight the role of intersectional genetic tools in linking these movements to their neuronal substrates, (3) describe spinal cord cell types and their roles in skilled reaching, and (4) how descending pathways from the brain and the sensory systems contribute to skilled reaching. We emphasize that genetic perturbation experiments can pin-point the neuronal substrates of specific phases of reaching behavior.
伸手抓握是一种进化保守的行为，也是哺乳动物运动技能中的重要组成部分。在实验室中对伸手抓握行为进行研究，揭示了贯穿脊髓、大脑和外周神经系统的运动控制的关键原理。在这里，我们：（1）综述了伸手抓握行为的伸手、抓握和缩回运动所包含的运动要素或阶段；（2）强调了交叉遗传工具在将这些运动与它们的神经元基质联系起来的作用；（3）描述了脊髓中的细胞类型及其在熟练伸手抓握中的作用；（4）以及大脑和感觉系统的下行通路如何有助于熟练的伸手抓握。我们强调，遗传干扰实验可以确定伸手抓握行为特定阶段的神经元基质。
