Vera-Candioti Josefina, Araujo Patricia Inés, Huerga Ignacio Roberto, Rojas Dante Emanuel, Cristos Diego Sebastián, Malmantile Alberto David
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Agencia de Extensión Rural Venado Tuerto, Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Oct 2;193(10):689. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-09462-8.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of pesticides in surface and groundwater of agricultural areas of the Pampas region of Argentina and to develop an ecological risk assessment (ERA) of pesticides in freshwater ecosystems. Eight agricultural sites from south Santa Fe province, in the north of the Pampas region, were sampled seven times between 2016 and 2018. Pesticides were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-LC/MS). Twenty compounds among herbicides, insecticides and fungicides in 84% and 79% of groundwater and surface water samples, respectively, were detected. Atrazine was the most ubiquitous pesticide, following by metolachlor, acetochlor and glyphosate, with maximum concentrations of 28, 24, 77 and 111 µg/L, respectively. An ERA was performed by employing the risk quotient (RQ) method. Atrazine, azoxystrobin, pirimiphos-methyl, acetochlor and epoxiconazole posed a high and very high risk for aquatic organisms (RQ > 1) and glyphosate, metolachlor and 2,4-D exhibited negligible to medium risk. The herbicides were the major contributors to risk. This study is the first contribution on the presence and concentration of pesticides in surface and groundwater from agricultural areas of south Santa Fe province, north Pampas region, Argentina, and a starting point for pesticide ecological risk assessment.
本研究的目的是评估阿根廷潘帕斯地区农业区地表水和地下水中农药的出现情况，并开展淡水生态系统中农药的生态风险评估（ERA）。2016年至2018年期间，对潘帕斯地区北部圣菲省南部的8个农业地点进行了7次采样。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC/MS）和超高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪（UPLC-LC/MS）分析农药。分别在84%的地下水样品和79%的地表水样品中检测到了除草剂、杀虫剂和杀菌剂中的20种化合物。阿特拉津是最普遍存在的农药，其次是异丙甲草胺、乙草胺和草甘膦，其最大浓度分别为28、24、77和111μg/L。采用风险商数（RQ）法进行了生态风险评估。阿特拉津、嘧菌酯、甲基嘧啶磷、乙草胺和环氧唑对水生生物构成高风险和极高风险（RQ＞1），草甘膦、异丙甲草胺和2,4-滴的风险可忽略不计至中等。除草剂是风险的主要贡献者。本研究首次对阿根廷潘帕斯地区北部圣菲省南部农业区地表水和地下水中农药的存在情况和浓度做出了贡献，也是农药生态风险评估的一个起点。
