Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMYC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (CONICET- UNMdP), Dean Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Instituto del Hábitat y del Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Dean Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Nov 15;691:476-482. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.044. Epub 2019 Jul 8.
Agricultural production in the Pampas region is one of the most important economic activities in Argentina. However, the possible environmental effects related to the growth of this activity in the last years have not been studied enough. Particularly, the effects of pesticides mixtures are a topic of great concern both for society and regulatory authorities worldwide, given the possible additive and synergistic relationships between these chemicals and their possible effects on aquatic biota. Based on a concentration addition model, this study developed an Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) of pesticides from freshwater ecosystems in the Pampas region. For this purpose, reported pesticides concentrations available in public bibliography and a Risk Quotients (RQs) approach were used. A cumulative risk map was established to display RQs for current use pesticides (CUPs) and legacy chemicals. The ΣRQs were calculated for 66 sites, using available reported measured environmental concentrations (MECs) and predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) of pesticides. While ΣRQ for only CUPs resulted in a high and very high risk (ΣRQ > 1) for 29% of the sites, when legacy pesticides were incorporated this percentage reached the 41% of the sites, increasing significantly the absolute values of RQ. Herbicides like glyphosate and atrazine contributed considerably to the ΣRQ while organochlorines were the major contributors for ΣRQs when legacy pesticides were incorporated. Moreover, some active ingredients (acetochlor, carbendazim and fenitrothion) which are approved for their use in Argentina but banned in EU showed high contribution to ΣRQ. The present study is the first attempt to develop an ERA in surface water of the Pampas region of Argentina and it provides a starting point for a more comprehensive pesticides monitoring and a further risk assessment program.
潘帕斯地区的农业生产是阿根廷最重要的经济活动之一。然而，近年来该活动增长所带来的潜在环境影响尚未得到充分研究。特别是，农药混合物的影响是全世界社会和监管机构关注的一个重要话题，因为这些化学物质之间可能存在相加和协同作用，以及它们对水生生物群可能产生的潜在影响。本研究基于浓度加和模型，对潘帕斯地区淡水生态系统中的农药进行了生态风险评估（ERA）。为此，使用了公共文献中报道的农药浓度和风险商数（RQ）方法。建立了累积风险图，以显示当前使用农药（CUPs）和遗留化学物质的 RQ。使用现有的报告环境浓度（MECs）和农药预测无效应浓度（PNECs），计算了 66 个地点的 ΣRQs。仅当 CUPs 的 ΣRQ 导致 29%的地点处于高风险和极高风险（ΣRQ > 1）时，当引入遗留农药时，这一比例达到了 41%的地点，显著增加了 RQ 的绝对值。草甘膦和阿特拉津等除草剂对 ΣRQ 的贡献相当大，而当引入遗留农药时，有机氯农药是 ΣRQs 的主要贡献者。此外，一些在阿根廷获准使用但在欧盟被禁用的有效成分（乙草胺、多菌灵和三唑磷）对 ΣRQ 的贡献也很高。本研究首次尝试在阿根廷潘帕斯地区地表水开发 ERA，并为更全面的农药监测和进一步的风险评估计划提供了起点。
