Fu Hao, He Maozhang, Wu Jinyuan, Zhou Yunyan, Ke Shanlin, Chen Zhe, Liu Qin, Liu Min, Jiang Hui, Huang Lusheng, Chen Congying
State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Sep 17;12:729039. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.729039. eCollection 2021.
Parturition is a crucial event in the sow reproduction cycle, which accompanies by a series of physiological changes, including sex hormones, metabolism, and immunity. More and more studies have indicated the changes of the gut microbiota from pregnancy to parturition. However, what bacterial species and functional capacities of the gut microbiome are changed around parturition has been largely unknown, and the correlations between the changes of gut bacterial species and host metabolome were also uncovered. In this study, by combining 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing data, and the profiles of serum metabolome and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), we investigated the changes of gut microbiome, serum metabolite features and fecal SCFAs from late pregnancy (LP) to postpartum (PO) stage. We found the significant changes of gut microbiota from LP to PO stage in both 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing analyses. The bacterial species from , , and were enriched at the LP stage, while the species from , and had higher abundances at the PO stage. Functional capacities of the gut microbiome were also significantly changed and associated with the shifts of gut bacteria. Untargeted metabolomic analyses revealed that the metabolite features related to taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis and metabolism were enriched at the LP stage, and positively associated with those bacterial species enriched at the LP stage, while the metabolite features associated with vitamin B6 and glycerophospholipid metabolism had higher abundances at the PO stage and were positively correlated with the bacteria enriched at the PO stage. Six kinds of SCFAs were measured in feces samples and showed higher concentrations at the LP stage. These results suggested that the changes of gut microbiome from LP to PO stage lead to the shifts of host lipid, amino acids and vitamin metabolism and SCFA production. The results from this study provided new insights for the changes of sow gut microbiome and host metabolism around parturition, and gave new knowledge for guiding the feeding and maternal care of sows from late pregnancy to lactation in the pig industry.
分娩是母猪繁殖周期中的一个关键事件，它伴随着一系列生理变化，包括性激素、新陈代谢和免疫力。越来越多的研究表明，从怀孕到分娩，肠道微生物群会发生变化。然而，在分娩前后肠道微生物组的哪些细菌种类和功能能力发生了变化，在很大程度上尚不清楚，而且肠道细菌种类的变化与宿主代谢组之间的相关性也未被揭示。在本研究中，通过结合16S rRNA基因和鸟枪法宏基因组测序数据，以及血清代谢组和粪便短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的谱图，我们研究了从妊娠后期（LP）到产后（PO）阶段肠道微生物组、血清代谢物特征和粪便SCFA的变化。我们发现在16S rRNA基因测序和宏基因组测序分析中，从LP到PO阶段肠道微生物群都有显著变化。在LP阶段，来自、和的细菌种类富集，而在PO阶段，来自、和的细菌种类丰度更高。肠道微生物组的功能能力也发生了显著变化，并与肠道细菌的变化相关。非靶向代谢组学分析表明，与牛磺酸和次牛磺酸代谢、精氨酸生物合成和代谢相关的代谢物特征在LP阶段富集，并与在LP阶段富集的那些细菌种类呈正相关，而与维生素B6和甘油磷脂代谢相关的代谢物特征在PO阶段丰度更高，并与在PO阶段富集的细菌呈正相关。在粪便样本中检测到六种SCFA，其在LP阶段浓度更高。这些结果表明，从LP到PO阶段肠道微生物组的变化导致宿主脂质、氨基酸和维生素代谢以及SCFA产生的改变。本研究结果为母猪分娩前后肠道微生物组和宿主代谢的变化提供了新的见解，并为养猪业中指导母猪从妊娠后期到哺乳期的饲养和母性护理提供了新知识。
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