青少年母亲孕期的心理健康与婴儿的情绪健康。
Adolescent Mothers' Psychological Wellbeing during Pregnancy and Infant Emotional Health.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago.
出版信息
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2023 Sep 3;52(5):616-632. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2021.1981339. Epub 2021 Oct 4.
OBJECTIVE
Although many studies have identified risk factors for adolescent pregnancy, much less is known about factors that pregnant adolescents' psychological wellbeing and offspring outcomes. This study drew on strength-based frameworks to investigate family and neighborhood factors linked to social connectedness that predict psychological wellbeing during adolescent pregnancy and offspring outcomes.
METHOD
Participants included 135 adolescent mothers (ages 14-21; 90% Black American) assessed annually since childhood as part of a longitudinal study. During preadolescence (ages 11-13), data on contextual stressors and neighborhood support were gathered from participants' caregivers; participants also rated their perceived trust/attachment with caregivers before and during pregnancy. To assess changes in psychological wellbeing, adolescents reported positive and depressed mood before and during pregnancy. A path analysis model tested the prospective associations between family and neighborhood factors, psychological wellbeing during pregnancy, and offspring outcomes (birth outcomes; observed infant positive/negative emotions at age 3-months).
RESULTS
Positive mood decreased from pre-pregnancy to pregnancy, whereas depressed mood remained stable. Adjusting for pre-pregnancy mood, perceived caregiver trust/attachment during pregnancy was associated with prenatal positive mood. Prenatal positive mood, in turn, reduced risk of preterm birth and indirectly predicted positive infant emotions via birth outcomes. Neighborhood support in preadolescence predicted lower prenatal depressed mood, but depressed mood did not predict infant outcomes beyond positive mood. Contextual life stress was not associated with prenatal mood after adjusting for family and neighborhood support.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings highlight changes in positive-valence emotions during adolescent pregnancy that may have unique associations with birth outcomes and offspring emotions.
目的
尽管许多研究已经确定了青少年怀孕的风险因素，但对于影响怀孕青少年心理健康和后代结局的因素却知之甚少。本研究基于优势视角框架，探讨了与社交联系相关的家庭和社区因素，这些因素可以预测青少年怀孕期间的心理健康状况和后代结局。
方法
参与者包括 135 名青少年母亲（年龄 14-21 岁；90%为美国黑人），作为一项纵向研究的一部分，自儿童时期起每年进行评估。在青春期前（11-13 岁），从参与者的照顾者那里收集有关环境压力源和邻里支持的数据；参与者还在怀孕前和怀孕期间评估了他们对照顾者的信任/依恋感。为了评估心理健康的变化，青少年在怀孕前和怀孕期间报告了积极和消极情绪。路径分析模型检验了家庭和社区因素与怀孕期间心理健康状况以及后代结局（出生结局；观察到婴儿在 3 个月时的积极/消极情绪）之间的前瞻性关联。
结果
积极情绪从怀孕前到怀孕期间下降，而消极情绪保持稳定。在调整怀孕前的情绪后，怀孕期间感知到的照顾者信任/依恋与产前积极情绪相关。反过来，产前积极情绪降低了早产的风险，并通过出生结局间接预测了婴儿的积极情绪。青春期前的邻里支持预测了较低的产前抑郁情绪，但在调整家庭和社区支持后，抑郁情绪并未预测婴儿结局。调整家庭和社区支持后，环境生活压力与产前情绪无关。
结论
研究结果强调了青少年怀孕期间积极情绪的变化，这些变化可能与出生结局和后代情绪有着独特的关联。
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