State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, and College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Chemosphere. 2022 Jan;287(Pt 4):132435. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132435. Epub 2021 Oct 1.
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM) pollution has long been a global environmental problem and still poses a great threat to public health. This study investigates global spatiotemporal variations in PM using the newly developed satellite-derived PM dataset from 1998 to 2018. An integrated exposure-response (IER) model was employed to examine the characteristics of PM-related deaths caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), lung cancer (LC), and stroke in adults (age≥25), as well as lower respiratory infection (LRI) in children (age≤5). The results showed that high annual PM concentrations were observed mainly in East Asia and South Asia. Over the 19-year period, PM concentrations constantly decreased in developed regions, but increased in most developing regions. Approximately 84% of the population lived in regions where PM concentrations exceeded 10 μg/m. Meanwhile, the vast majority of the population (>60%) in East and South Asia was consistently exposed to PM levels above 35 μg/m. PM exposure was linked to 3.38 (95% UI: 3.05-3.70) million premature deaths globally in 2000, a number that increased to 4.11 (95% UI: 3.55-4.69) million in 2018. Premature deaths related to PM accounted for 6.54%-7.79% of the total cause of deaths worldwide, with a peak in 2011. Furthermore, developing regions contributed to the majority (85.95%-95.06%) of PM-related deaths worldwide, and the three highest-ranking regions were East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Globally, IHD and stroke were the two main contributors to total PM-related deaths, followed by COPD, LC, and LRI.
颗粒物 2.5（PM）污染一直是一个全球性的环境问题，仍然对公众健康构成巨大威胁。本研究利用新开发的卫星衍生 PM 数据集，从 1998 年到 2018 年，调查了 PM 的全球时空变化。采用综合暴露-反应（IER）模型，研究了成人（年龄≥25 岁）慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、缺血性心脏病（IHD）、肺癌（LC）和中风以及儿童（年龄≤5 岁）下呼吸道感染（LRI）与 PM 相关的死亡特征。结果表明，高浓度的年平均 PM 主要集中在东亚和南亚。在 19 年期间，发达地区的 PM 浓度不断下降，但大多数发展中地区的浓度却在增加。约 84%的人口生活在 PM 浓度超过 10μg/m的地区。与此同时，东亚和南亚的绝大多数人口（>60%）一直暴露在 PM 浓度超过 35μg/m的环境中。PM 暴露与全球 2000 年 3.38（95%置信区间：3.05-3.70）百万人过早死亡有关，这一数字在 2018 年增加到 4.11（95%置信区间：3.55-4.69）百万人。PM 相关死亡占全球总死亡原因的 6.54%-7.79%，2011 年达到峰值。此外，发展中地区占全球 PM 相关死亡的大部分（85.95%-95.06%），排名前三的地区是东亚、南亚和东南亚。全球范围内，IHD 和中风是导致 PM 相关死亡的两个主要原因，其次是 COPD、LC 和 LRI。
