Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and.
Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Immunol. 2021 Oct 15;207(8):1949-1957. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100661.
The complex nature of the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) family and wide range of ILC effector functions has been the focus of intense research. In addition to important roles in host defense, ILCs have central roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis and can promote immune tolerance. Alterations within the microenvironment can impart new functions on ILCs, and can even induce conversion to a distinct ILC family member. Complicating current definitions of ILCs are recent findings of distinct regulatory ILC populations that limit inflammatory responses or recruit other immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells. Whether these populations are distinct ILC family members or rather canonical ILCs that exhibit immunoregulatory functions due to microenvironment signals has been the subject of much debate. In this review, we highlight studies identifying regulatory populations of ILCs that span regulatory NK-like cells, regulatory ILCs, and IL-10-producing ILC2s.
先天淋巴细胞 (ILC) 家族的复杂性和广泛的 ILC 效应功能一直是研究的重点。除了在宿主防御中的重要作用外，ILC 还在维持组织内稳态和促进免疫耐受方面发挥着核心作用。微环境的改变可以赋予 ILC 新的功能，甚至可以诱导其向不同的 ILC 家族成员转化。目前对 ILC 的定义比较复杂，因为最近发现了具有不同调节功能的 ILC 群体，这些群体可以限制炎症反应或招募其他免疫抑制细胞，如调节性 T 细胞。这些群体是不同的 ILC 家族成员，还是由于微环境信号而表现出免疫调节功能的典型 ILC，一直是争论的主题。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了鉴定 ILC 调节群体的研究，这些群体包括调节性 NK 样细胞、调节性 ILC 和产生 IL-10 的 ILC2。
