Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1444:111-127. doi: 10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_8.
Recently, considerable attention has been directed toward innate-like T cells (ITCs) and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) owing to their indispensable contributions to immune responses, tissue homeostasis, and inflammation. Innate-like T cells include NKT cells, MAIT cells, and γδ T cells, whereas ILCs include NK cells, type 1 ILCs (ILC1s), type 2 ILCs (ILC2s), and type 3 ILCs (ILC3s). Many of these ITCs and ILCs are distributed to specific tissues and remain tissue-resident, while others, such as NK cells and some γδ T cells, circulate through the bloodstream. Nevertheless, recent research has shed light on novel subsets of innate immune cells that exhibit characteristics intermediate between tissue-resident and circulating states under normal and pathological conditions. The local microenvironment frequently influences the development, distribution, and function of these innate immune cells. This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge on the functional heterogeneity of ITCs and ILCs, shaped by local environmental cues, with particular emphasis on IL-15, which governs the activities of the innate immune cells involved in type 1 immune responses.
最近，由于固有样 T 细胞（ITC）和固有淋巴细胞（ILC）在免疫反应、组织稳态和炎症中不可或缺的作用，人们对它们给予了相当大的关注。固有样 T 细胞包括 NKT 细胞、MAIT 细胞和 γδ T 细胞，而 ILC 包括 NK 细胞、1 型 ILC（ILC1）、2 型 ILC（ILC2）和 3 型 ILC（ILC3）。这些 ITC 和 ILC 中的许多分布在特定的组织中并保持组织驻留，而其他细胞，如 NK 细胞和一些 γδ T 细胞，则通过血液循环循环。然而，最近的研究揭示了在正常和病理条件下，具有介于组织驻留和循环状态之间特征的新型先天免疫细胞亚群。局部微环境经常影响这些先天免疫细胞的发育、分布和功能。本综述旨在整合当前关于受局部环境线索影响的 ITC 和 ILC 功能异质性的知识，特别强调 IL-15，它控制参与 1 型免疫反应的先天免疫细胞的活性。
