Gharaati Sotoudeh Hossein, Aref Nazari Masoud, Mirhashemi Malek
Department of Psychology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran.
Iran J Psychiatry. 2021 Jul;16(3):295-304. doi: 10.18502/ijps.v16i3.6255.
The aim of this study was to instruct social cognitive protocol based on life skills and parenting skills to parents with teenagers at substance use risk and also to investigate its effectiveness among teenagers. The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up approach with a group in 3 stages of measurement. The statistical population included 70 adolescents at risk of substance abuse who were selected using the available sampling method. The survey consisted of 40 questions about adolescents' life skills in four subscales of self-control skills, assertiveness and saying no skills, decision-making skills, and problem-solving skills, and the reliability of the entire questionnaire was estimated to be 0.98 using the Cronbach's alpha method. In this study, adolescents were first given a test, and after two weeks, their parents learned the social cognitive protocol over a 12-week period and were asked to impart these skills to their adolescents at home. After that, the adolescents gave the same test after the intervention (posttest). Two months after the posttest, the follow-up test was performed without any training. Comparison of the mean of the three stages of measurement showed that the effect of the overall life skills score, according to the value of Wilkes Lambda multivariate test (0.666) with degrees of freedom two and 40, can be rejected as a null hypothesis (P <0.01). In addition, in the subscales of decision-making skills (0.781), problem-solving (0.688), and self-control (0.816), the mean score of the participants in the three measurements was simultaneously different; and in the follow-up stage, the scores were significantly different than the pretest. However, in terms of assertiveness and the skill of saying no, the scores did not differ simultaneously in the three measurements (0.986). These scores show that teaching social cognitive protocol to parents of adolescents who are at risk of substance abuse is effective.
本研究的目的是向有青少年面临物质使用风险的家长传授基于生活技能和育儿技能的社会认知方案，并调查其在青少年中的有效性。本研究是一项准实验研究，采用前测、后测和随访方法，分三个阶段对一组进行测量。统计总体包括70名有药物滥用风险的青少年，采用方便抽样法选取。该调查由40个关于青少年生活技能的问题组成，分为自我控制技能、自信和拒绝技能、决策技能以及解决问题技能四个子量表，使用克朗巴赫α法估计整个问卷的信度为0.98。在本研究中，青少年首先接受一次测试，两周后，他们的父母在12周的时间里学习社会认知方案，并被要求在家中将这些技能传授给他们的青少年。之后，青少年在干预后（后测）再次进行相同的测试。后测两个月后，在没有任何培训的情况下进行随访测试。对三个测量阶段的平均值进行比较表明，根据威尔克斯λ多元检验值（0.666），自由度为2和40，总体生活技能得分的效应可以作为零假设被拒绝（P<0.01）。此外，在决策技能（0.781）、解决问题（0.688）和自我控制（0.816）子量表中，参与者在三次测量中的平均得分同时存在差异；在随访阶段，得分与前测相比有显著差异。然而，在自信和拒绝技能方面，三次测量中的得分没有同时差异（0.986）。这些得分表明，向有物质滥用风险的青少年家长传授社会认知方案是有效的。
