可及性和偏好的变化预示着儿童未来的果蔬摄入量。
Changes in accessibility and preferences predict children's future fruit and vegetable intake.
作者信息
Bere Elling, Klepp Knut-Inge
机构信息
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
出版信息
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2005 Oct 10;2:15. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-2-15.
BACKGROUND
Most children eat fewer fruits and vegetables than recommended. To be able to design effective interventions, understanding the aetiology of the behaviour is important. Accessibility and preferences have shown to be strong correlates of fruit and vegetable intake in several cross-sectional studies. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of future fruit and vegetable intake and to explore longitudinal patterns of interactions between accessibility and preferences.
METHODS
Data presented are based on baseline (September 2001) and follow-up (May/June 2002) surveys of 20 control schools in the Norwegian intervention study Fruits and Vegetables Make the Marks. A total of 816 pupils (77%) completed both baseline and follow-up questionnaires. The average age of the sample at baseline was 11.8 years. The research instrument assessing potential predictor variables was guided by Social Cognitive Theory, and included Accessibility at home, Accessibility at school, Modelling, Intention, Preferences, Self-Efficacy and Awareness of the 5-a-day recommendations. Multiple regression analyses were performed.
RESULTS
All independent variables (measured at baseline) were significantly correlated to future fruit and vegetable intake (measured at follow-up). When reported fruit and vegetable intake at baseline (past intake) was included in this model, the effect of the other independent variables diminished. Together with past intake, the observed change in the independent variables from baseline to follow-up explained 43% of the variance in the reported intake at follow-up. Past intake remained the strongest predictor, but changes in accessibility at home and at school, as well as changes in preferences for fruits and vegetables, also explained significant amounts of the variance in fruit and vegetable intake at follow-up. In addition, baseline accessibility was found to moderate the relationship between change in preferences and change in intake.
CONCLUSION
Change in accessibility and preferences appear to be important predictors of future fruit and vegetable intake among school children. Interventions should focus on strategies to modify these factors.
背景
大多数儿童食用的水果和蔬菜比推荐量少。为了能够设计有效的干预措施，了解这种行为的病因很重要。在几项横断面研究中，可及性和偏好已被证明与水果和蔬菜摄入量密切相关。本研究的目的是确定未来水果和蔬菜摄入量的预测因素，并探讨可及性和偏好之间相互作用的纵向模式。
方法
所呈现的数据基于挪威“水果和蔬菜创佳绩”干预研究中20所对照学校的基线调查（2001年9月）和随访调查（2002年5月/6月）。共有816名学生（77%）完成了基线和随访问卷。样本在基线时的平均年龄为11.8岁。评估潜在预测变量的研究工具以社会认知理论为指导，包括家庭可及性、学校可及性、榜样作用、意图、偏好、自我效能感以及对每日五份蔬果建议的知晓度。进行了多元回归分析。
结果
所有自变量（在基线时测量）均与未来水果和蔬菜摄入量（在随访时测量）显著相关。当将基线时报告的水果和蔬菜摄入量（过去摄入量）纳入该模型时，其他自变量的影响减弱。与过去摄入量一起，从基线到随访时观察到的自变量变化解释了随访时报告摄入量中43%的方差。过去摄入量仍然是最强的预测因素，但家庭和学校可及性的变化，以及对水果和蔬菜偏好的变化，也解释了随访时水果和蔬菜摄入量方差的很大一部分。此外，发现基线可及性调节了偏好变化与摄入量变化之间的关系。
结论
可及性和偏好的变化似乎是学龄儿童未来水果和蔬菜摄入量的重要预测因素。干预措施应侧重于改变这些因素的策略。
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