Ruiz-Santiago Roberto Rafael, Ballina-Gómez Horacio Salómon, Ruiz-Sánchez Esau, Martínez-Castillo Jaime, Garruña-Hernández René, Andueza-Noh Rubén Humberto
Division de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Tecnologico Nacional de México/Campus Conkal, Conkal, Yucatan, Mexico.
Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
PeerJ. 2021 Sep 16;9:e12088. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12088. eCollection 2021.
Plant-insect interactions are a determining factor for sustainable crop production. Although plants can resist or tolerate herbivorous insects to varying degrees, even with the use of pesticides, insects can reduce plant net productivity by as much as 20%, so sustainable strategies for pest control with less dependence on chemicals are needed. Selecting plants with optimal resistance and photosynthetic traits can help minimize damage and maintain productivity. Here, 27 landrace accessions of lima beans, L., from the Yucatan Peninsula were evaluated in the field for morphological resistance traits, photosynthetic characteristics, insect damage and seed yield. Variation was found in physical leaf traits (number, area, and dry mass of leaves; trichome density, specific leaf thickness and hardness) and in physiological traits (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon, water-use efficiency, and transpiration). Five accessions (JMC1325, JMC1288, JMC1339, JMC1208 and JMC1264) had the lowest index for cumulative damage with the highest seed yield, although RDA analysis uncovered two accessions (JMC1339, JMC1288) with strong positive association of seed yield and the cumulative damage index with leaf production, specific leaf area (SLA) and total leaf area. Leaf traits, including SLA and total leaf area are important drivers for optimizing seed yield. This study identified 12 important morphological and physiological leaf traits for selecting landrace accessions of for high yields (regardless of damage level) to achieve sustainable, environmentally safe crop production.
植物与昆虫的相互作用是可持续作物生产的一个决定性因素。尽管植物能够在不同程度上抵抗或耐受食草昆虫，即便使用了杀虫剂，昆虫仍能使植物净生产力降低多达20%，因此需要减少对化学物质依赖的可持续害虫防治策略。选择具有最佳抗性和光合特性的植物有助于将损害降至最低并维持生产力。在此，对来自尤卡坦半岛的27个利马豆地方品种进行了田间形态抗性性状、光合特性、昆虫损害和种子产量评估。在叶片物理性状（叶片数量、面积和干质量；毛状体密度、比叶厚度和硬度）以及生理性状（光合速率、气孔导度、细胞间二氧化碳浓度、水分利用效率和蒸腾作用）方面发现了变异。五个品种（JMC1325、JMC1288、JMC1339、JMC1208和JMC1264）的累积损害指数最低，种子产量最高，尽管冗余分析发现两个品种（JMC1339、JMC1288）的种子产量与累积损害指数与叶片产量、比叶面积（SLA）和总叶面积呈强正相关。包括SLA和总叶面积在内的叶片性状是优化种子产量的重要驱动因素。本研究确定了12个重要的叶片形态和生理性状，用于选择高产（无论损害水平如何）的利马豆地方品种，以实现可持续、环境安全的作物生产。
