Dwivedi Sangam L, Chapman Mark A, Abberton Michael T, Akpojotor Ufuoma Lydia, Ortiz Rodomiro
Independent Researcher, Hyderabad, India.
Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Front Genet. 2023 Jun 16;14:1193780. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1193780. eCollection 2023.
Underutilized pulses and their wild relatives are typically stress tolerant and their seeds are packed with protein, fibers, minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals. The consumption of such nutritionally dense legumes together with cereal-based food may promote global food and nutritional security. However, such species are deficient in a few or several desirable domestication traits thereby reducing their agronomic value, requiring further genetic enhancement for developing productive, nutritionally dense, and climate resilient cultivars. This review article considers 13 underutilized pulses and focuses on their germplasm holdings, diversity, crop-wild-crop gene flow, genome sequencing, syntenic relationships, the potential for breeding and transgenic manipulation, and the genetics of agronomic and stress tolerance traits. Recent progress has shown the potential for crop improvement and food security, for example, the genetic basis of stem determinacy and fragrance in moth bean and rice bean, multiple abiotic stress tolerant traits in horse gram and tepary bean, bruchid resistance in lima bean, low neurotoxin in grass pea, and photoperiod induced flowering and anthocyanin accumulation in adzuki bean have been investigated. Advances in introgression breeding to develop elite genetic stocks of grass pea with low β-ODAP (neurotoxin compound), resistance to in black gram using rice bean, and abiotic stress adaptation in common bean, using genes from tepary bean have been carried out. This highlights their potential in wider breeding programs to introduce such traits in locally adapted cultivars. The potential of de-domestication or feralization in the evolution of new variants in these crops are also highlighted.
未充分利用的豆类及其野生近缘种通常具有耐胁迫能力,其种子富含蛋白质、纤维、矿物质、维生素和植物化学物质。食用这类营养丰富的豆类与谷类食物一起,可能促进全球粮食和营养安全。然而,这类物种缺乏一些或多种理想的驯化性状,从而降低了它们的农艺价值,需要进一步进行基因改良,以培育出高产、营养丰富且适应气候变化的品种。这篇综述文章考虑了13种未充分利用的豆类,并重点关注它们的种质资源、多样性、作物-野生-作物基因流动、基因组测序、共线性关系、育种和转基因操作的潜力,以及农艺和耐胁迫性状的遗传学。最近的进展显示了作物改良和粮食安全的潜力,例如,已对绿豆和饭豆中茎的有限生长和香气的遗传基础、黑豆和 tepary 豆中的多种非生物胁迫耐受性状、利马豆中的豆象抗性、草豌豆中的低神经毒素,以及小豆中的光周期诱导开花和花青素积累进行了研究。利用来自 tepary 豆的基因,在培育低β-ODAP(神经毒素化合物)的草豌豆优良遗传种质、利用饭豆培育黑豆抗虫性,以及普通豆的非生物胁迫适应性方面,渐渗育种取得了进展。这突出了它们在更广泛的育种计划中的潜力,以便在当地适应的品种中引入这些性状。还强调了这些作物在新变种进化中去驯化或野生化的潜力。