Arruda Andreia G, Deblais Loic, Hale Vanessa L, Madden Christopher, Pairis-Garcia Monique, Srivastava Vishal, Kathayat Dipak, Kumar Anand, Rajashekara Gireesh
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America.
PeerJ. 2021 Sep 17;9:e12120. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12120. eCollection 2021.
Cull sows are a unique population on swine farms, often representing poor producing or compromised animals, and even though recent studies have reported that the microbiome is associated with susceptibility to diseases, the microbiome of the cull sow population has not been explored. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether there were differences in fecal and upper respiratory tract microbiota composition for groups of sows of different health status (healthy, cull, and compromised/ clinical sows) and from different farms (1 to 6).
Six swine farms were visited once. Thirty individual fecal samples and nasal swabs were obtained at each farm and pooled by five across health status and farm. Samples underwent 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and nasal and fecal microbiota were analyzed using QIIME2 v.2021.4.
Overall, the diversity of the nasal microbiota was lower than the fecal microbiota ( < 0.01). No significant differences were found in fecal or nasal alpha diversity by sow's health status or by farm. There were significant differences in nasal microbial composition by farm and health status (PERMANOVA, < 0.05), and in fecal microbiota by farm (PERMANOVA, < 0.05), but not by health status. Lastly, at the L7 level, there was one differentially abundant taxa across farms for each nasal and fecal pooled samples.
This study provided baseline information for nasal and fecal microbiota of sows under field conditions, and results suggest that farm of origin can affect microbial diversity and composition. Furthermore, sow's health status may have an impact on the nasal microbiota composition.
淘汰母猪是猪场中一个独特的群体，通常代表生产性能差或健康状况不佳的动物。尽管最近的研究报告称微生物群与疾病易感性有关，但尚未对淘汰母猪群体的微生物群进行探索。本研究的主要目的是调查不同健康状况（健康、淘汰和健康受损/临床母猪）以及来自不同猪场（1至6号）的母猪群体在粪便和上呼吸道微生物群组成上是否存在差异。
对六个猪场进行了一次走访。在每个猪场采集了30份个体粪便样本和鼻拭子，并按健康状况和猪场进行分组，每组5份样本进行合并。样本进行16S rRNA基因扩增子测序，并使用QIIME2 v.2021.4分析鼻腔和粪便微生物群。
总体而言，鼻腔微生物群的多样性低于粪便微生物群（<0.01）。按母猪健康状况或猪场划分，粪便或鼻腔的α多样性均未发现显著差异。猪场和健康状况对鼻腔微生物组成有显著差异（PERMANOVA，<0.05），猪场对粪便微生物群有显著差异（PERMANOVA，<0.05），但健康状况对其无显著差异。最后，在L7水平上，每个鼻腔和粪便合并样本在不同猪场之间有一个差异丰富的分类群。
本研究提供了田间条件下母猪鼻腔和粪便微生物群的基线信息，结果表明来源猪场可影响微生物多样性和组成。此外，母猪的健康状况可能会对鼻腔微生物群组成产生影响。
