Pérez-Luna Alberto, Hernández-Díaz José Ciro, Wehenkel Christian, Simental-Rodríguez Sergio Leonel, Hernández-Velasco Javier, Prieto-Ruíz José Ángel
Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Durango, Mexico.
Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Industrial y de Servicios Número 89, Dirección General de Educación Tecnológica Industrial, Durango, Durango, México.
PeerJ. 2021 Sep 21;9:e12182. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12182. eCollection 2021.
Developing methods for successfully grafting forest species will be helpful for establishing asexual seed orchards and increasing the success of forest genetic improvement programs in Mexico. In this study we investigated the effects of two grafting techniques (side veneer and top cleft) and two phenological stages of the scion buds (end of latency and beginning of sprouting), in combination with other seven grafting variables, on the sprouting and survival of 120 intraspecific grafts of Carr. The scions used for grafting were taken from a 5.5-year-old commercial forest plantation. The first grafting was performed on January 18 (buds at the end of dormancy) and the second on February 21 (buds at the beginning of sprouting). The data were examined by analysis of variance and a test of means and were fitted to two survival models (the Weibull's accelerated failure time and the Cox's proportional hazards model) and the respective hazard ratios were calculated. Survival was higher in the top cleft grafts made with buds at the end of latency, with 80% sprouting and an estimated average survival time of between 164 and 457 days after the end of the 6-month evaluation period. Four variables (grafting technique, phenological stage of the scion buds, scion diameter and rootstock height) significantly affected the risk of graft death in both survival models. Use of top cleft grafts with buds at the end of the latency stage, combined with scion diameters smaller than 11.4 mm and rootstock heights greater than 58.5 cm, was associated with a lower risk of death.
开发成功嫁接林木物种的方法将有助于在墨西哥建立无性种子园，并提高森林遗传改良计划的成功率。在本研究中，我们调查了两种嫁接技术（侧芽接和顶劈接）和接穗芽的两个物候阶段（休眠末期和发芽初期），结合其他七个嫁接变量，对120株卡里松种内嫁接苗的发芽和存活情况的影响。用于嫁接的接穗取自一片5.5年生的商业人工林。第一次嫁接于1月18日进行（处于休眠末期的芽），第二次于2月21日进行（处于发芽初期的芽）。通过方差分析和均值检验对数据进行了检验，并将其拟合到两个存活模型（威布尔加速失效时间模型和考克斯比例风险模型），并计算了各自的风险比。在休眠末期用芽进行的顶劈接中，存活率较高，在6个月评估期结束后，发芽率为80%，估计平均存活时间在164至457天之间。在两个存活模型中，四个变量（嫁接技术、接穗芽的物候阶段、接穗直径和砧木高度）对嫁接死亡风险有显著影响。使用休眠末期带芽的顶劈接，结合直径小于11.4毫米的接穗和高度大于58.5厘米的砧木，死亡风险较低。
