Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India.
Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Sep;29(41):61905-61937. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16860-5. Epub 2021 Oct 7.
Urbanization is a revolutionary and necessary step for the development of nations. However, with development emanates its drawback i.e., generation of a huge amount of wastewater. The existence of diverse types of nutrient loads and toxic compounds in wastewater can reduce the pristine nature of the ecosystem and adversely affects human and animal health. The conventional treatment system reduces most of the chemical contaminants but their removal efficiency is low. Thus, microalgae-based biological wastewater treatment is a sustainable approach for the removal of nutrient loads from wastewater. Among various microalgae, Tetraselmis sp. is a robust strain that can remediate industrial, municipal, and animal-based wastewater and reduce significant amounts of nutrient loads and heavy metals. The produced biomass contains lipids, carbohydrates, and pigments. Among them, carbohydrates and lipids can be used as feedstock for the production of bioenergy products. Moreover, the usage of a photobioreactor (PBR) system improves biomass production and nutrient removal efficiency. Thus, the present review comprehensively discusses the latest studies on Tetraselmis sp. based wastewater treatment processes, focusing on the use of different bioreactor systems to improve pollutant removal efficiency. Moreover, the applications of Tetraselmis sp. biomass, advancement and research gap such as immobilized and co-cultivation have also been discussed. Furthermore, an insight into the harvesting of Tetraselmis biomass, effects of physiological, and nutritional parameters for their growth has also been provided. Thus, the present review will broaden the outlook and help to develop a sustainable and feasible approach for the restoration of the environment.
城市化是国家发展的革命性和必要步骤。然而，发展带来了其缺点，即产生了大量的废水。废水中存在多种类型的营养负荷和有毒化合物会降低生态系统的原始性质，并对人类和动物健康产生不利影响。传统的处理系统可以减少大部分化学污染物，但它们的去除效率较低。因此，基于微藻的生物废水处理是去除废水中营养负荷的可持续方法。在各种微藻中，三角褐指藻是一种强大的菌株，可以修复工业、市政和动物废水，并减少大量的营养负荷和重金属。产生的生物质含有脂质、碳水化合物和色素。其中，碳水化合物和脂质可用作生产生物能源产品的原料。此外，使用光生物反应器（PBR）系统可以提高生物质产量和养分去除效率。因此，本综述全面讨论了基于三角褐指藻的废水处理过程的最新研究，重点介绍了使用不同生物反应器系统来提高污染物去除效率。此外，还讨论了三角褐指藻生物质的应用、固定化和共培养等方面的进展和研究空白。此外，还介绍了三角褐指藻生物质的收获、生理和营养参数对其生长的影响。因此，本综述将拓宽视野，有助于开发可持续和可行的环境恢复方法。
