CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2022 Apr;44:117-123. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.09.003. Epub 2021 Sep 11.
Reward and punishment change the payoff structures of social interactions and therefore can potentially play a role in promoting prosocial behavior. Yet, there are boundary conditions for them to be effective. We review recent work that addresses the conditions under which rewards and punishment can enhance prosocial behavior, the proximate and ultimate mechanisms for individuals' rewarding and punishing decisions, and the reputational and behavioral consequences of reward and punishment under noise. The reviewed evidence points to the importance of more field research on how reward and punishment can promote prosocial behavior in real-world settings. We also highlight the need to integrate different methodologies to better examine the effects of reward and punishment on prosocial behavior.
奖励和惩罚改变了社交互动的收益结构，因此有可能在促进亲社会行为方面发挥作用。然而，它们要发挥作用是有条件的。我们回顾了最近的研究，这些研究探讨了奖励和惩罚在什么条件下可以增强亲社会行为，个人奖励和惩罚决策的近因和终因机制，以及在噪声下奖励和惩罚的声誉和行为后果。所回顾的证据表明，需要进行更多的实地研究，以了解奖励和惩罚如何在现实环境中促进亲社会行为。我们还强调需要整合不同的方法，以更好地研究奖励和惩罚对亲社会行为的影响。
