Social, Economic and Organizational Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
Department of Economics, University of Bologna, Italy.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2022 Feb;43:254-259. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.08.003. Epub 2021 Aug 13.
Direct and indirect reciprocity are two fundamental mechanisms that promote prosocial behavior within groups and across societies. Here, we review recent work that illustrates how a (direct and indirect) reciprocity framework can illuminate our understanding of several factors related to prosocial behavior - namely group membership, gossip, and third-party punishment. We propose that each of these factors can promote prosocial behavior via proximate psychological mechanisms related to direct and indirect reciprocity: reputational concern, expectations, and anticipation of future interaction. Finally, we discuss the implications of adopting such a framework and highlight a number of avenues for future research.
直接互惠和间接互惠是促进群体内和社会间亲社会行为的两个基本机制。在这里，我们回顾了最近的一些研究工作，这些工作说明了（直接和间接）互惠框架如何阐明我们对与亲社会行为相关的几个因素的理解，即群体归属、八卦和第三方惩罚。我们提出，这些因素中的每一个都可以通过与直接和间接互惠相关的近似心理机制来促进亲社会行为：声誉关注、期望和对未来互动的预期。最后，我们讨论了采用这种框架的意义，并强调了未来研究的一些途径。
