Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute for Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany; 3DMM2O - Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1 - 390761711), Germany.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2022 Feb;73:290-299. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.08.016. Epub 2021 Oct 4.
Micro-fabrication and nano-fabrication provide useful approaches to address fundamental biological questions by mimicking the physiological microenvironment in which cells carry out their functions. In particular, 2D patterns and 3D scaffolds obtained via lithography, direct laser writing, and other techniques allow for shaping hydrogels, synthetic polymers and biologically derived materials to create structures for (single) cell culture. Applications of micro-scaffolds mimicking cell niches include stem cell self-renewal, differentiation, and lineage specification. This review moves from technological aspects of scaffold microfabrication for cell biological applications to a broad overview of advances in (stem) cell research: achievements for embryonic, induced pluripotent, mesenchymal, and neural stem cells are treated in detail, while a particular section is dedicated to micro-scaffolds used to study single cells in basic cell biology.
微纳加工为解决基本生物学问题提供了有用的方法，通过模拟细胞发挥功能的生理微环境。特别是，通过光刻、直接激光写入和其他技术获得的 2D 图案和 3D 支架，允许对水凝胶、合成聚合物和生物衍生材料进行塑形，从而为（单个）细胞培养创建结构。模拟细胞龛的微支架的应用包括干细胞自我更新、分化和谱系特化。本综述从用于细胞生物学应用的支架微加工的技术方面展开，概述了（干细胞）研究的进展：详细介绍了胚胎、诱导多能性、间充质和神经干细胞的成就，而专门的一节则用于研究基础细胞生物学中单细胞的微支架。
