Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2021 Aug 1;27(4):963-991. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001035.
This article reviews the neurologic complications associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Neurologic complications of HIV may be caused by direct virally mediated pathology, immune-mediated phenomena in response to viral infection, or opportunistic infections secondary to depletion of lymphocytes. These neurologic disorders may be influenced by the degree of immunosuppression (ie, CD4+ T-cell lymphocyte count) and stage of infection (early versus late), as well as use of antiretroviral therapy, and may manifest as a variety of central and peripheral neurologic syndromes, including the more commonly encountered HIV-associated cognitive disorders and length-dependent sensorimotor polyneuropathy, respectively. Immune dysregulation underlies the majority of these neurologic phenomena, as well as other HIV-associated conditions including immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), CD8 lymphocytosis, and potentially the development of compartmentalized infection within the CSF, also referred to as CSF escape.
This article reviews a spectrum of clinical syndromes and related neuropathologic states associated with HIV infection.
本文回顾了与人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染相关的神经并发症。
HIV 的神经并发症可能由直接病毒介导的病理学、针对病毒感染的免疫介导现象、或继发于淋巴细胞耗竭的机会性感染引起。这些神经疾病可能受免疫抑制程度（即 CD4+T 淋巴细胞计数）和感染阶段（早期与晚期）、抗逆转录病毒治疗以及各种中枢和周围神经综合征的影响，包括更常见的 HIV 相关认知障碍和长度依赖性感觉运动性多发性神经病。免疫失调是这些神经现象以及其他与 HIV 相关的疾病的基础，包括免疫重建炎症综合征（IRIS）、CD8 淋巴细胞增多症，以及潜在的 CSF 内分隔性感染（也称为 CSF 逃逸）的发展。
本文综述了与 HIV 感染相关的一系列临床综合征和相关神经病理学状态。
