Daniel Michael, Tollefsbol Trygve O
Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
J Exp Biol. 2015 Jan 1;218(Pt 1):59-70. doi: 10.1242/jeb.107110.
Epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role in the expression of genes and can be influenced by both the quality and quantity of diet. Dietary compounds such as sulforaphane (SFN) found in cruciferous vegetables and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in green tea exhibit the ability to affect various epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibition, histone modifications via histone deacetylase (HDAC), histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibition, or noncoding RNA expression. Regulation of these epigenetic mechanisms has been shown to have notable influences on the formation and progression of various neoplasms. We have shown that an epigenetic diet can influence both cellular longevity and carcinogenesis through the modulation of certain key genes that encode telomerase and p16. Caloric restriction (CR) can also play a crucial role in aging and cancer. Reductions in caloric intake have been shown to increase both the life- and health-span in a variety of animal models. Moreover, restriction of glucose has been demonstrated to decrease the incidence of age-related diseases such as cancer and diabetes. A diet rich in compounds such as genistein, SFN and EGCG can positively modulate the epigenome and lead to many health benefits. Also, reducing the quantity of calories and glucose in the diet can confer an increased health-span, including reduced cancer incidence.
表观遗传机制在基因表达中起关键作用，且会受到饮食质量和数量的影响。十字花科蔬菜中含有的萝卜硫素（SFN）以及绿茶中的表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）等膳食化合物具有影响多种表观遗传机制的能力，比如抑制DNA甲基转移酶（DNMT）、通过组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDAC）进行组蛋白修饰、抑制组蛋白乙酰转移酶（HAT）或调控非编码RNA表达。已证实对这些表观遗传机制的调节对各种肿瘤的形成和进展具有显著影响。我们已经表明，一种表观遗传饮食可以通过调节某些编码端粒酶和p16的关键基因来影响细胞寿命和致癌作用。热量限制（CR）在衰老和癌症方面也起着至关重要的作用。在多种动物模型中，减少热量摄入已被证明可以延长寿命和健康寿命。此外，限制葡萄糖摄入已被证明可以降低癌症和糖尿病等与年龄相关疾病的发病率。富含染料木黄酮、SFN和EGCG等化合物的饮食可以对表观基因组产生积极调节作用，并带来许多健康益处。而且，减少饮食中的热量和葡萄糖含量可以延长健康寿命，包括降低癌症发病率。
