Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan.
Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan.
PLoS One. 2021 Oct 8;16(10):e0258506. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258506. eCollection 2021.
Chicken eggs play an important role as food resources in the world. Although genetic effects on yolk and albumen contents have been reported, the number of chicken genotypes analyzed so far is still limited. To investigate the effect of genetic background on 10 egg traits, 19 yolk amino acid traits, and 19 albumen amino acid traits, we evaluated a total of 58 eggs from five genotypes: two Japanese indigenous breeds (Ukokkei and Nagoya) and three hybrids (Araucana cross, Kurohisui, and Boris Brown) under a floor rearing system. One-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of genotype on 10 egg traits, 8 yolk amino acids (Asp, Glu, Ser, Gly, Thr, Tyr, Cys, and Leu), and 11 albumen amino acids (Asp, Glu, Asn, Ser, Gln, His, Ala, Tyr, Trp, Phe, and Ile) contents. Moderate to strong positive phenotypic correlations among traits within each trait category (size and weight traits, yolk amino acid traits, and albumen amino acid traits), whereas there were basically no or weak correlations among the trait categories. However, a unique feature was found in the Araucana cross indicating moderate positive correlations of amino acids between yolk and albumen. These results suggest that genetic factors can modify not only the size and weight of the egg and eggshell color but also yolk and albumen free amino acids contents.
鸡蛋作为世界上重要的食物资源，具有重要的作用。虽然已有研究报道了遗传效应对蛋黄和蛋清含量的影响，但迄今为止分析的鸡基因型数量仍然有限。为了研究遗传背景对 10 项蛋品质性状、19 项蛋黄氨基酸性状和 19 项蛋清氨基酸性状的影响，我们在地面饲养系统下评估了来自五个基因型的 58 个鸡蛋：两个日本本土品种（Ukokkei 和 Nagoya）和三个杂交品种（Arau-cana 杂交鸡、Kurohisui 和 Boris Brown）。单因素方差分析显示，基因型对 10 项蛋品质性状、8 项蛋黄氨基酸（天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸和亮氨酸）和 11 项蛋清氨基酸（天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬酰胺、丝氨酸、谷氨酰胺、组氨酸、丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸和异亮氨酸）含量有显著影响。每个性状类别（大小和重量性状、蛋黄氨基酸性状和蛋清氨基酸性状）内的性状之间存在中度到高度的正表型相关，而性状类别之间基本上没有或弱相关。然而，Arau-cana 杂交鸡的一个独特特征是蛋黄和蛋清中的氨基酸之间存在中度正相关。这些结果表明，遗传因素不仅可以改变蛋的大小和重量以及蛋壳颜色，还可以改变蛋黄和蛋清游离氨基酸的含量。
