Jafarnezhadgero Amir Ali, Fakhri Ehsan, Granacher Urs
Department of Sport Managements and Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021 Oct 9;13(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00352-7.
To improve propulsion during running, athletes often wear spike shoes designed for training and/or competition. Running with spike shoes may cause pain and/or injuries. To address this problem, a modified spike shoe was tested. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of running with dual-versus single-stiffness spike running shoes on running mechanics in long-distance runners with pronated feet.
Sixteen male elite (national competitive level) runners (5000 or 10,000 m) aged 28.2 ± 2.5 years with pronated feet volunteered to participate in this study. To be included, participants had to have achieved personal best race times over 5- and/or 10-km races under 17 or 34 min during official running competitions. All participants were heel strikers and had a history of 11.2 ± 4.2 years of training. For the assessment of running kinetics, a force plate was imbedded into a walkway. Running kinematics were recorded using a Vicon-motion-capture system. Nike Zoom Rival shoes (Nike, Nike Zoom Rival, USA) were selected and adapted according to spike softness and stiffness. Participants ran at a constant speed of ~4.0 m/s across the walkway with both shoe conditions in randomized order. Six trials were recorded per condition. The main outcomes included peak ground reaction forces and their time-to-peak, average and instantaneous vertical loading rates, free moments, and peak ankle eversion angles.
Paired t-tests revealed significantly lower lateral (p = 0.021, d = 0.95) and vertical (p = 0.010, d = 1.40) forces at heel contact during running with dual-stiffness spike shoes. Running with dual-stiffness spike shoes resulted in a significantly longer time-to-peak vertical (p = 0.004, d = 1.40) force at heel contact. The analysis revealed significantly lower average (p = 0.005, d = 0.46) and instantaneous (p = 0.021, d = 0.49) loading rates and peak negative free moment amplitudes (p = 0.016, d = 0.81) when running with dual-stiffness spike shoes. Finally, significantly lower peak ankle eversion angles were observed with dual-stiffness spike shoes (p < 0.001, d = 1.29).
Running in dual- compared with single-stiffness spike distance running shoes resulted in lower loading rates, free moment amplitudes, and peak ankle eversion angles of long-distance runners with pronated feet.
为了在跑步过程中提高推进力，运动员经常穿着专为训练和/或比赛设计的钉鞋。穿着钉鞋跑步可能会导致疼痛和/或受伤。为了解决这个问题，对一种改良的钉鞋进行了测试。本研究旨在评估穿着双硬度与单硬度钉鞋跑步对足内翻的长跑运动员跑步力学的影响。
16名年龄在28.2±2.5岁、足内翻的男性精英（国家竞技水平）跑步运动员（5000米或10000米项目）自愿参加本研究。要被纳入研究，参与者必须在官方跑步比赛中5公里和/或10公里比赛的个人最好成绩分别在17分钟或34分钟以内。所有参与者均为足跟落地跑者，训练历史为11.2±4.2年。为了评估跑步动力学，在一条通道中嵌入了一个测力台。使用Vicon动作捕捉系统记录跑步运动学。选择耐克Zoom Rival鞋（耐克公司，美国，耐克Zoom Rival），并根据鞋钉的柔软度和硬度进行改装。参与者以约4.0米/秒的恒定速度在通道上跑步，两种鞋的条件以随机顺序进行。每种条件记录6次试验。主要结果包括地面反作用力峰值及其达到峰值的时间、平均和瞬时垂直加载率、自由力矩以及踝关节外翻峰值角度。
配对t检验显示，穿着双硬度钉鞋跑步时，足跟触地时的横向力（p = 0.021，d = 0.95）和垂直力（p = 0.010，d = 1.40）显著降低。穿着双硬度钉鞋跑步导致足跟触地时达到峰值垂直力的时间显著延长（p = 0.004，d = 1.40）。分析显示，穿着双硬度钉鞋跑步时，平均加载率（p = 0.005，d = 0.46）和瞬时加载率（p = 0.021，d = 0.49）以及负向自由力矩峰值幅度（p = 0.016，d = 0.81）显著降低。最后，穿着双硬度钉鞋时观察到踝关节外翻峰值角度显著降低（p < 0.001，d = 1.29）。
与单硬度钉鞋相比，穿着双硬度钉鞋跑步可降低足内翻的长跑运动员的加载率、自由力矩幅度和踝关节外翻峰值角度。
