Laboratoire Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie, CNRS 52-63, University of Toulouse, France.
Laboratoire Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie, CNRS 52-63, University of Toulouse, France.
Appl Ergon. 2022 Jan;98:103596. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103596. Epub 2021 Oct 7.
A 'compressed' shift schedule (substitution of a rest day by a shift, shortening the duration of work breaks) was introduced for a better fit with aircraft traffic load. Thereafter, the company asked for a survey assessing the effects of the compressed shift system. Air traffic controllers (ATCOs) completed retrospectively a specific questionnaire assessing the effects of shift schedule (modified vs. initial) and of traffic load on fatigue, alertness (on-shift, upon awakening, during daily non-work activities), and sleep (duration, satisfaction). Work organization had marginal and unexpected effects, which might indicate ATCOs' disapproval of the intervention. Traffic load affected sleep satisfaction and alertness during work and non-work activities. Specific effects of shift included reduced sleep time prior to morning shifts compared to night shifts, whereas alertness and fatigue were rated at comparable levels for both shifts. Results suggest that shiftwork features which favor sleep loss across a work cycle have deleterious consequences on alertness and increase the need for recovery, which are further enhanced by traffic load.
为了更好地适应航班流量负荷，引入了一种“压缩”的轮班时间表（用轮班代替休息日，缩短工作休息时间）。此后，公司要求进行一项调查，评估压缩轮班系统的效果。空中交通管制员（ATCO）事后完成了一份专门的问卷，评估轮班时间表（修改后的与初始的）和流量负荷对疲劳、警觉性（轮班时、醒来时、日常非工作活动时）和睡眠（持续时间、满意度）的影响。工作组织产生了边际和意外的影响，这可能表明 ATCO 对干预措施的不认可。交通负荷影响工作和非工作活动期间的睡眠满意度和警觉性。轮班的具体影响包括与夜班相比，早晨轮班前的睡眠时间减少，而对于这两种轮班，警觉性和疲劳的评分水平相当。结果表明，在一个工作周期内有利于睡眠减少的轮班特征对警觉性有不利影响，并增加了恢复的需求，而交通负荷进一步加剧了这种需求。
