Department of Optometry, Center for Research and Teaching in Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Research and Teaching in Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
Optom Vis Sci. 2021 Oct 1;98(10):1127-1131. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001779.
We assessed the prevalence of refractive error in a sample of children of Northern Mexico using the Refractive Error Study in Children protocol of the World Health Organization, which allows for the comparison with other global studies.
Uncorrected refractive error is the main cause of visual impairment in children. The purpose of this study was to assess the refractive error and visual dysfunctions of students (15 to 18 years old) in the upper-middle school system of Sinaloa, Mexico.
A total of 3468 students in Sinaloa's high school system participated in the study from 2017 to 2019. Optometrists and student clinicians from the Optometry Program of the Autonomous University of Sinaloa conducted the testing. Tests included visual acuities and static retinoscopy. We did not use a cycloplegic agent.
The results showed a high prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors. Myopia, defined as a refractive error ≤-0.50 D, had a prevalence of 36.11% (95% confidence interval, 33.47 to 38.83%); hyperopia, defined as a refractive error ≥+2.00 D, had a prevalence of 1.49% (95% confidence interval, 0.09 to 2.33%); and astigmatism, defined as a refractive error with a cylinder ≥0.75 D, had a prevalence of 29.17% (95% confidence interval, 26.60 to 31.76%). We found a significant effect of sex on visual acuity.
Our results are consistent with a high prevalence of myopia reported in adolescents worldwide and in Mexico's northern regions. The results suggest that students attending high school and entering universities should be required to have an optometric eye examination. Additional studies are needed to investigate the prevalence of refractive errors in children in Mexico.
我们使用世界卫生组织的儿童屈光不正研究协议评估了墨西哥北部儿童样本中的屈光不正患病率，这使得我们可以与其他全球研究进行比较。
未矫正的屈光不正 是儿童视力损害的主要原因。本研究旨在评估墨西哥锡那罗亚中上阶层学校系统中（15 至 18 岁）学生的屈光不正和视觉功能障碍。
2017 年至 2019 年，来自锡那罗亚中学系统的 3468 名学生参加了这项研究。来自锡那罗亚自治大学视光学计划的验光师和学生临床医生进行了测试。测试包括视力和静态视网膜检影。我们没有使用睫状肌麻痹剂。
结果显示未矫正屈光不正的高患病率。近视定义为屈光不正≤-0.50 D，患病率为 36.11%（95%置信区间，33.47 至 38.83%）；远视定义为屈光不正≥+2.00 D，患病率为 1.49%（95%置信区间，0.09 至 2.33%）；散光定义为柱镜≥0.75 D 的屈光不正，患病率为 29.17%（95%置信区间，26.60 至 31.76%）。我们发现性别对视力有显著影响。
我们的结果与全球和墨西哥北部地区青少年近视患病率高的报道一致。结果表明，上高中和上大学的学生应该进行眼科检查。需要进一步研究以调查墨西哥儿童屈光不正的患病率。
