Strains Present Distinct Effects on the Control of Alveolar Bone Loss in a Periodontitis Experimental Model.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by a dysbiotic oral microbiome. Probiotics of the genus may restore the symbiotic microbiome and modulate the immune response, leading to periodontitis control. We evaluated the effect of two strains of able to inhibit interaction with host cells and biofilm formation, but with distinct immunomodulatory properties, in a mice periodontitis model. Experimental periodontitis (P+) was induced in C57Bl/6 mice by a microbial consortium of human oral organisms. 162 [B+ (1622)] and 110 [B+ (1101)] were orally inoculated for 45 days. Alveolar bone loss and inflammatory response in gingival tissues were determined. The microbial consortium induced alveolar bone loss in positive control (P + B-), as demonstrated by microtomography analysis, although was undetected in oral biofilms at the end of the experimental period. TNF-α and IL-10 serum levels, and Treg and Th17 populations in gingiva of SHAM and P + B- groups did not differ. 162, but not 110, controlled bone destruction in P+ mice. 110 upregulated transcription of , , , , and in P-B+(1101), which was attenuated by the microbial consortium [P + B+(1101)]. All treatments downregulated transcription of , although treatment with 110 did not yield such low levels of transcripts as seen for the other groups. 110 increased Th17 population in gingival tissues [P-B+ (1101) and P + B+ (1101)] compared to SHAM and P + B-. Administration of both bifidobacteria resulted in serum IL-10 decreased levels. Our data indicated that the beneficial effect of is not a common trait of this genus, since 110 induced an inflammatory profile in gingival tissues and did not prevent alveolar bone loss. However, the properties of 162 suggest its potential to control periodontitis.