Liu Jingxin, Zhu Lin, Liao Jing, Liu Xiaoguang
School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Physiol. 2021 Sep 24;12:731762. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.731762. eCollection 2021.
To evaluate the effect of extreme weight loss programs on circulating metabolites and their relationship with cardiometabolic health in children with metabolic syndrome. This study was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and post-test. Thirty children with metabolic syndrome and aged 10-17years were recruited to an extreme weight loss program (i.e., exercise combined with diet control). The primary outcomes included plasma metabolites, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors. A total of 324 metabolites were quantitatively detected by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry system, and the variable importance in the projection (VIP) value of each metabolite was calculated by the orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis. The fold change (FC) and value of each metabolite were used to screen differential metabolites with the following values: VIP>1, value<0.05, and |log2FC|>0.25. Pathway enrichment and correlation analyses between metabolites and cardiometabolic risk factors were also performed. A large effect size was observed, presenting a weight loss of -8.9kg (Cohen's =1.00, <0.001), body mass index reduction of -3.3kg/m (Cohen's =1.47, <0.001), and body fat percent reduction of -4.1 (%) (Cohen's =1.22, <0.001) after the intervention. Similar improvements were found in total cholesterol (Cohen's =2.65, <0.001), triglycerides (Cohen's =2.59, <0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Cohen's =2.81, <0.001), glucose metabolism, and blood pressure. A total of 59 metabolites were changed after the intervention (e.g., aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; nitrogen metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis). The changes in metabolites (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, and carnitine) were related to lipid metabolism improvement (<0.05). Organic acids and carnitines were associated with changes in the body composition (<0.05). Exercise combined with dietary control improved the body composition and cardiometabolic health in children with metabolic syndrome, and these changes may be related to plasma metabolites.
评估极端体重减轻计划对代谢综合征患儿循环代谢物的影响及其与心脏代谢健康的关系。本研究采用带有前测和后测的准实验设计。招募了30名年龄在10至17岁的代谢综合征患儿参加极端体重减轻计划（即运动与饮食控制相结合）。主要结局包括血浆代谢物、身体成分和心脏代谢风险因素。通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱系统对总共324种代谢物进行定量检测，并通过正交投影到潜在结构判别分析计算每种代谢物的投影变量重要性（VIP）值。使用每种代谢物的变化倍数（FC）和P值筛选差异代谢物，条件如下：VIP>1、P值<0.05且|log2FC|>0.25。还进行了代谢物与心脏代谢风险因素之间的通路富集和相关性分析。干预后观察到较大的效应量，体重减轻了-8.9kg（科恩d值=1.00，P<0.001），体重指数降低了-3.3kg/m²（科恩d值=1.47，P<0.001），体脂百分比降低了-4.1（%）（科恩d值=1.22，P<0.001）。在总胆固醇（科恩d值=2.65，P<0.001）、甘油三酯（科恩d值=2.59，P<0.001）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（科恩d值=2.81，P<0.001）、葡萄糖代谢和血压方面也发现了类似的改善。干预后共有59种代谢物发生了变化（例如氨酰基-tRNA生物合成、甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢；氮代谢、三羧酸循环以及苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成）。代谢物的变化（例如氨基酸、脂肪酸、有机酸和肉碱）与脂质代谢改善相关（P<0.05）。有机酸和肉碱与身体成分的变化相关（P<0.05）。运动与饮食控制相结合改善了代谢综合征患儿的身体成分和心脏代谢健康，这些变化可能与血浆代谢物有关。
